* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download The entire human genome consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes
Deoxyribozyme wikipedia , lookup
Medical genetics wikipedia , lookup
Primary transcript wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
Genomic library wikipedia , lookup
Transposable element wikipedia , lookup
Cancer epigenetics wikipedia , lookup
Extrachromosomal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Genomic imprinting wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics in learning and memory wikipedia , lookup
Human genetic variation wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
X-inactivation wikipedia , lookup
Minimal genome wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Polycomb Group Proteins and Cancer wikipedia , lookup
Public health genomics wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression profiling wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression programming wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases wikipedia , lookup
Human genome wikipedia , lookup
Genome editing wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
Biology and consumer behaviour wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of human development wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Helitron (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
CHROMOSOME The entire human genome consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes – long, coiled strands of DNA. Each chromosome may contain thousands of genes – sections of DNA that encode the information needed to create the proteins that are essential for all biological functions. NUCLEOSOME 1 Researchers combined the genetic information of thousands of healthy individuals with a database that reveals which genetic elements are active during prenatal brain development. They used this to identify a set of exons that are highly expressed in the brain but rarely vary from person to person. MUTATION RATE HIGH HISTONE They then excluded from that set all exons that are thought to play an important role elsewhere in the body. This left a set of exons that may play a unique role in brain development. Many of those exons turned out to be in genes that had previously been linked to autism and other complex brain disorders – suggesting that the distinguishing characteristics of human cognition may have first arisen in these genes. LOW DNA HIGH RATE OF EXPRESSION LOW 2 HIGH HIGH EXON EXON INTRON EXON INTRON GENE TONIA COWAN/THE GLOBE AND MAIL 66 TEXT: IVAN SEMENIUK/THE GLOBE AND MAIL 66 SOURCE: THE HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN AND NATURE GENETICS An individual gene is made up of exons, which contain the encoded information, and introns, which do not. When a gene is “read” prior to creating a protein, the information from the exons is spliced together. Different exons have different rates of variation among individuals.