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BIOLOGY 30 Nov 2015 Entry Task Grab your science notebook from the front table. In your notebook… • List at least 3 things you know about cells • If you cannot think of any, look at figure 7-6, p. 196 for ideas. Agenda • • • • • Entry Task Housekeeping Chapter 7 Essential Question Section 7.1 (Life is Cellular) Exit Ticket Housekeeping Chapter 2 Exam • Study guide • Retake exam Notebooks • Organization Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Function Chpt 7 Essential Question How are cell structures adapted to their functions? p. 188 Chapter 7 Sections 7.1 Life is Cellular • Why is it important to study cells? 7.2 Cell Structure • How do cell structures enable a cell to carry out basic life processes? 7.3 Cell Transport • How does a cell transport materials across the cell membrane? 7.4 Homeostasis and Cells • How does a cell maintain homeostasis both within itself and as part of a multicellular organism? 7.1 Life is Cellular Learning Objectives 7.1.1 State the cell theory. 7.1.2 Describe how the different types of microscopes work. 7.1.3 Distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Learning Objectives • p. 190 (Prokaryote) • Frayer Model Facts/Characteristics: Definition: Sentence: Prokaryote Picture: Discovery of the Cell Robert Hooke (1665) • Looked at nonliving cork through early microscope. • Observed tiny empty chambers. • Called the chambers “cells”. Anton van Leeuwenhoek • Looked at living organisms in the human mouth. • Today they are called “bacteria”. p. 190 Discovery of the Cell The Cell Theory • The cell discoveries made by scientists were summarized in the “cell theory”. Cork Cells • The cell theory states: - All living things are made up of cells. - Cells are the basic units in living things. - New cells are produced from existing cells. p. 191 Exploring the Cell How do we observe cells? • Microscopes. How do microscopes work? • They use lenses to magnify the image of an object by focusing light or electrons. p. 191-192 Exploring the Cell Compound Light Microscope Electron Microscope p. 191-192 Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes Prokaryote Eukaryote Does NOT enclose genetic material Contains a nucleus, enclosing (DNA) within a nucleus genetic material (DNA) Generally simpler and smaller (1-5 µm) Larger and more complex (10-100 µm) Contains a cell membrane Contains a cell membrane Within single celled organisms Within multicellular organisms Glides/slides through liquid Glides/slides through liquid (blood) Examples: Bacteria, Virus Examples: Animals, Plants, & Fungi • Read p. 193-194 and identify similarities & differences. • The chart does not represent how many there are. Exit Ticket Question: What is the most significant difference between prokaryote and eukaryote cells? Reflection: How will you remember this difference? BIOLOGY 1 Dec 2015 Entry Task In your notebook… • List as many cell organelles as you can. Agenda • • • • • Entry Task Housekeeping Section 7.2 (Cell Structure) POGIL – Organelles in Eukaryotes Chapter 2 Exam Review Housekeeping To be determined 7.2 Cell Structure Learning Objectives 7.2.1 Describe the structure and function of the cell nucleus. 7.2.2 Describe the role of vacuoles, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton. 7.2.3 Identify the role of ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus in making proteins. Learning Objectives • p. 196 (Lysosome, Ribosome, & Chloroplasts) • Frayer Model Facts/Characteristics: Definition: Sentence: Lysosome Picture: Cell Organization Cells can be divided into 2 major components: • Nucleus • Cytoplasm = portion of the cell outside the nucleus Within the cytoplasm are… Chromatin Centrioles Cytoskeleton Nucleolus Nucleus Lysosome Smooth Endoplasmi Golgi Apparatu Rough Cytoplasm Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosome Plasma Membrane Mitochondria • Organelles (“little organs”) = specialized organs within the cell. p. 196 Cell Organization Eukaryotic cell = Factory • Organelles = Specialized machines & assembly lines. Nucleus = Main office • Control center. • Contains DNA. • Contains coded instructions for proteins & other important molecules. p. 197 Organelles that… Store Vacuoles & Vesicles = Storage Facility • Stores materials like water, salts, proteins, & carbohydrates. p. 198 Organelles that… Clean Up Lysosome = Cleaning Crew • Breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, & proteins into small molecules for use by the cell. • Involved in breaking down Nucleus Lysosome Nucleolus organelles that have Chromatin Smooth Centrioles Endoplasm outlived their usefulness. Cytoskeleton Golgi Appara Rough Cytoplasm Ribosome Endoplasmic Reticulum Plasma Membrane Mitochondria p. 198 Organelles that… Support Cytoskeleton = Steel/Concrete Beams Chromatin • Helps maintain the cells shape. • Involved in cell movement. • Made up of 2 principle Cytoskeleton protein filaments: Mitochondria Nucleolus Nucleus Lysosome Smooth Endopla Centrioles Golgi Appa Rough Cytoplasm Endoplasmic Reticul Ribosome Plasma Membrane - Microfilaments = flexible framework. - Microtubules = help separate chromosomes during cell division. p. 199 Organelles that… Build Proteins Ribosomes = Making Proteins • Produces proteins Chromatin Nucleolus Nucleus Lysosome Smooth ER Centrioles Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum • Assembles lipid components of cell membrane Cytoskeleton Mitochondria Golgi Appa Rough ER Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm Ribosome Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum • Synthesis of membrane lipids & detoxification of drugs p. 200-201 Organelles that… Build Proteins Golgi Apparatus = Customization Shop • Modifies, sorts, & packages proteins and other materials Chromatin Nucleolus Nucleus Lysosome Smooth ER Centrioles Cytoskeleton Mitochondria Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm Ribosome Golgi Apparatus Rough ER p. 200-201 BIOLOGY 2 Dec 2015 Entry Task Take the last few moments to study. • Be prepared to turn in study guide. Agenda • • • • • Entry Task Chapter 2 Exam Retake Housekeeping Section 7.2 (Cell Structure) POGIL – Organelles in Eukaryotes Chapter 2 Exam Clear off your desks. Remember this is an exam. • No talking. • Keep your eyes on your own paper. Do not write on the question sheet. When you are finished: • Place the question sheet and your answer sheet on the front table face down. • Silently read chapter 7 or complete any missing assignments. Housekeeping To be determined 7.2 Cell Structure Continued Learning Objectives 7.2.4 Describe the function of chloroplasts and mitochondria in the cell. 7.2.5 Describe the function of the cell membrane. Learning Objectives • p. 196 (Mitochondria & Hypertonic) • Frayer Model Facts/Characteristics: Definition: Sentence: Mitochondria Picture: BIOLOGY 3 Dec 2015 Entry Task To be determined. Agenda • • • • Entry Task Housekeeping Section 7.2 (Cell Structure) Exit Ticket Housekeeping To be determined 7.3 Cell Transport Learning Objectives 7.3.1 State the cell theory. 7.3.2 Describe how the different types of microscopes work. 7.3.3 Distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. 7.4 Homeostasis and Cells Learning Objectives 7.4.1 Explain how unicellular organisms maintain homeostasis. 7.4.2 Explain how multicellular organisms maintain homeostasis.