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ORGANELLES
Structures within a cell
Two main types of cells
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Cell membrane
Cell Membrane
• forms boundary of cell
• Is semi-permeable (it
only lets certain things
in and out)
• Things going in:
water, food, gases
• Things going out:
waste, gases
Cytoplasm
• Holds and cushions
organelles
• Moves organelles
around by streaming
Nucleus
• The largest organelle in
a eukaryotic cell is the
nucleus
• The cell’s “control
center”
Nucleus
• is surrounded by a
nuclear envelope with
pores.
• contains the DNA and
the nucleolus
• Nucleolus: makes
ribosome parts
Nucleus and Nucleolus
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• A folded membrane
that where materials
are assembled for
export.
• Helps to produce and
transport new cell
membrane
• Like a system of
conveyor belts that
starts at the nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
• Small balls on the ER
and in the cytoplasm
• Make proteins (many
different functions in
and out of the cell)
• Like little factories
Ribosome
Golgi Bodies
• The cell’s “packing
center”
• Package proteins and
other materials from
the ER for storage or
transportation
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
• “power plant” of the
cell
• Convert chemical
energy in food into
molecules that are
easier for the cell to
use.
Mitochondria
How does the skunk cabbage melt
snow?
Lysosome
• “Suicide bags”
• Small organelles filled
with enzymes that can
break down molecules
into smaller ones that
can be used.
• If a lysosome breaks
open inside the cell, it
dissolves the cell itself!
Lysosome
What do lysosomes have to do with a
frog’s life cycle?
Plant cells
• Plant cells have all the
organelles just listed.
• They also have three
more.
Vacuoles
• Cell’s storage (water,
food, chemicals)
• Usually small in animal
cells
• Large in plant cells
Cell Wall (plants only)
• Provide structure and
support for plant cells
and some fungi cells
Chloroplasts (plants only)
• Capture energy in
sunlight and convert it
into chemical energy in
food
• This process is called
photosynthesis
Chloroplasts