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Transcript
ORGANELLES Structures within a cell Two main types of cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Cell membrane Cell Membrane • forms boundary of cell • Is semi-permeable (it only lets certain things in and out) • Things going in: water, food, gases • Things going out: waste, gases Cytoplasm • Holds and cushions organelles • Moves organelles around by streaming Nucleus • The largest organelle in a eukaryotic cell is the nucleus • The cell’s “control center” Nucleus • is surrounded by a nuclear envelope with pores. • contains the DNA and the nucleolus • Nucleolus: makes ribosome parts Nucleus and Nucleolus Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • A folded membrane that where materials are assembled for export. • Helps to produce and transport new cell membrane • Like a system of conveyor belts that starts at the nucleus Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes • Small balls on the ER and in the cytoplasm • Make proteins (many different functions in and out of the cell) • Like little factories Ribosome Golgi Bodies • The cell’s “packing center” • Package proteins and other materials from the ER for storage or transportation Golgi Bodies Mitochondria • “power plant” of the cell • Convert chemical energy in food into molecules that are easier for the cell to use. Mitochondria How does the skunk cabbage melt snow? Lysosome • “Suicide bags” • Small organelles filled with enzymes that can break down molecules into smaller ones that can be used. • If a lysosome breaks open inside the cell, it dissolves the cell itself! Lysosome What do lysosomes have to do with a frog’s life cycle? Plant cells • Plant cells have all the organelles just listed. • They also have three more. Vacuoles • Cell’s storage (water, food, chemicals) • Usually small in animal cells • Large in plant cells Cell Wall (plants only) • Provide structure and support for plant cells and some fungi cells Chloroplasts (plants only) • Capture energy in sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in food • This process is called photosynthesis Chloroplasts