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Transcript
Background information for teachers Cells grow and divide themselves regularly. Organisms are able to grow and recover from wounds because their cells go through cell division. When a cell divides, its nucleus and cytoplasm divide and create two identical cells. The original cell is called the mother cell and the resulting two cells are called the daughter cells. This process is called mitosis. It generally comprises four phases — the prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. During each phase, the cell goes through different changes that prepare it for splitting and to create a brand new cell. Cell division in unicellular organisms is a type of asexual reproduction, where the new cell is identical to the original cell. Cell division enables the growth of tissues and the replacement of old and dead cells in multicellular organisms. A cell that stops dividing is called a senescent cell. In multicellular organisms, senescent cells cause aging. 3 Cell growth and division AZi»hÃcYdji/ • • • How do cells grow and multiply? What information is stored in a cell? How do cells form larger organisms? An animal cell is made up of cytoplasm, a nucleus, a cell membrane and vacuoles. A plant cell is made up of cytoplasm, a nucleus, a cell membrane, a vacuole, chloroplasts and a cell wall. The cell in this picture is dividing itself into two. This is a natural process that occurs in living things. • What are the parts of a cell? • What does a cell contain? Cell growth and division 29 © 2010 Marshall Cavendish International (Singapore) Pte Ltd (S)O2TG6A_TB03.indd 85 A cell contains fluid, energy and waste substances. Cell growth and division 3.5 2/25/10 6:53:42 PM