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Cell Study Guide
What contributions did the following scientists make to the study of cells?
Robert Hooke – coined the term “cell”
Anton van Leeuwenhoek – first compound microscope
Matthais Schleiden – all plants are made of cells
Theodor Schwann – all animals are made of cells
Rudolph Virchow – cells can only arise from pre-existing cells
Define the following terms:
Cell Membrane – Semi-permeable, thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell.
Cell Wall – Gives the plant cell most of it’s support and structure; a thick rigid membrane that surround a plant
cell.
Chloroplasts – Where photosynthesis takes place; contains chlorophyll
Cytoplasm – Where organelles are located; jelly-like material
Endoplasmic Reticulum – Transports materials through the cell
Rough ER – Transports materials through the cell; covered with ribosomes
Golgi Bodies – The packaging house; moves protein outside the cell
Lysosome – Where the digestion of the cell nutrients takes place; contains digestive enzymes
Mitochondria – Where energy is released; powerhouse
Nuclear Membrane – Surrounds the nucleus
Nucleus – Controls many of the functions of the cell; contains DNA
Nucleolus – Contained in the center of the nucleus
Ribosomes – Small structures in the cytoplasm that create protein
Vacuole – Temporary storage space; fluid filled membrane; fills with food being digested and waste material
What are the characteristics of living things? Made up of cells, ability to develop and grow, ability to reproduce,
use energy (metabolize), respond to the environment.
What do organisms need in order to live? Food and water, fats and proteins, air, temperature, space
What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms? Unicellular organisms are made up of
one cell and multicellular organisms are made up of more than one cell.
Put the levels of organization in order from smallest unit to largest unit, and describe each of them.
Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
What are the similarities and differences between the plant and animal cell?
Plant
-Cell Wall
-Chloroplast
-1 Vacuole
-Square-ish
Animal
Cell membrane,
Cytoplasm, ER,
Golgi Bodies,
Mitochondria,
Nucleus,
Ribosomes
-Lysosome
-Several
Vacuoles
-Round-ish
Are the following pictures living or non-living? Use two of the characteristics to explain your answer.
They are living. All plants are made up of cells, they have the ability to develop and grow, they have the ability
to reproduce, they use energy from the sun to create food, and they respond to their environments.
What is energy? The ability to do work or make change
What are the steps to the scientific method? What are the variables? SM – Observation, Question, Hypothesis,
Experiment, Gather Data, Conclusion. Variables – Independent: changed by scientist. Dependent: measured
What is weather? Climate? Weather – the condition of the Earth’s Atmosphere at a particular place and time.
Climate – A long term description of a given area based on precipitation and temperature
What is the water cycle? Which is there more of, fresh or salt water? Precipitation, condensation, evaporation;
Salt water
What are the layers of the atmosphere? Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere
What are kinetic and potential energy? Kinetic – energy of motion, involves movement of some kind.
Potential – energy that is stored in some way