Download - Basic structural, functional and biological unit of all organisms

- Basic structural,
functional and
biological unit of
all organisms.
- Cells are the
smallest unit of
life that is
classified as a
living thing
CELLS – The basic unit of life
- Often called the
"building blocks
of life"
Cell Discovery
1665 – Robert Hooke viewed cork (dead
plant cells) under simple microscope
 Coined the term “cellulae” – means small
rooms
1683 – Anton von
Leeuwenhoek
viewed first living
organisms under
microscope.

Cell Theory

1838 – Matthias Schleiden
◦ Studied plants
◦ Concluded ‘all plants are made of cells’

1839 – Theodore Schwann
◦ Studied animals
◦ Concluded ‘all animals are made of cells’

Allowed scientists to develop the cell
theory….
Cell Theory
1.
All living things are composed of one or
more cells.
2.
Cells are the basic unit of structure of
all living things
3.
Cells arise only from preexisting cells,
which cells passing genetic information
from one generation to the next.
Prokaryote
Primitive cell type that lacks a nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles
 Which organisms have prokaryotic cells?

Eukaryote
advanced cell type with a nucleus
surrounding genetic material and other
membrane-bound organelles
 Which organisms are eukaryotic?

Endosymbiotic
Theory
Explains the origin
of eukaryotic cells.
Smaller prokaryotes
engulfed by larger
prokaryotes, lived in
symbiotic
relationships.
Unicellular
An organism consisting of a single cell
 All bacteria, some protists, some fungi

Multicellular
An organism consisting of more than one
cell
 Are multicellular organisms made up of
prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells?
 Some protists,
some fungi, all
plants and all
animals

Cell Types

Cell structures differ from one organism
to another.
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
 Bacteria Cell vs. Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell

Bacterial Cell

Unique Structures:
◦
◦
◦
◦

Cell Wall (outer)
NO nucleus
NO membrane bound organelles
Free floating DNA
Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?
Plant Cell

Unique Structures:
◦ Cell Wall (outer)
◦ Chloroplast – Photosynthesis
◦ Large central vacuole

Prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Animal Cell

Unique Structures:
◦ Cell Membrane (outer)
◦ Lysosomes

Prokaryotic or
Eukaryotic?
Organelle

Cells display organization.

Organelle: A differentiated structure
within a cell which performs a specific
function

Examples of
organelles?
Nucleus
Controls all cellular activities.
 Contains the genetic information – DNA

“The brain”
 What type of
cell has a nucleus?

Cell Membrane
Semi-permeable, double layer that
surrounds the cell.
 Controls what goes in and out of the cell

“The bouncer”
 Define
Semi-permeable.

Cell Wall
Composed of cellulose
 Provides plants and other organisms with
protection and structure


Plants have cell walls.
Do plants have
cell membranes?
Chloroplasts
Contains chlorophyll (pigment)
 Site of photosynthesis
 Energy from sun  food (glucose)

Cytoskeleton
Network of microtubules
 Support and give structure to cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum
Carry proteins and other materials from one
part of the cell to another.
 The smooth type of this organelle does
not contain ribosomes. The rough has
ribsomes attached.


“Cell Highway”
Golgi Apparatus
Multi-layered organelle near the nucleus
 Used for packaging and transportation of
materials out of cell


“Post Office”
Lysosomes
Contain digestive enzymes
 Used to break down worn parts and waste
products in the cell.
 Found only in animal cells.


“Garbage truck”
Mitochondria
Energy (ATP) producing organelles
 Food (glucose)  Energy
 Site of cellular respiration

“Powerhouse”
 “Mighty Mitochondria”

Ribosome
Extremely small, grain-like organelle
 Produces proteins
 Free in the cytoplasm or attached to the
ER

Vacuole
membrane-bound organelles
 Used for storage


What is a
plant like when
its vacuoles
start to empty?
Cytoplasm
the gel-like substance in cells.
 Constantly moving, used for transporting
materials

Guess the Cell

Bacteria Cell (E. coli)
Guess the Cell

Animal Cell (human cheek cell)
Guess the Cell
Plant Cell (Elodea)
 Standards Check: What is the function of
the green organelle found in these cells?

Guess the Cell

Bacteria Cell
Guess the Cell
Plant Cell (Sunflower Leaf)
 Taken with an electron microscope

Guess the Cell
Plant Cell (Potato)
 What is the large purple spot in the cell?
 Why are potato cells not GREEN?

This was taken with a
compound light
microscope.
The purple color is due
to a violet stain.
Guess the Organelle

Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Apparatus of
Rabbit Epididymus- it is
not clear why the Golgi
is exceptional in these
epididymal cells.
The Golgi apparatus are
the large, circular
structures
This was taken with an
electron microscope.
Guess the Organelle

Lysosomes
Group of lysosomes
found in liver tissue.
You can also see
Mitochondria, Rough
ER, and the cell
membrane in this
photo.
Guess the Organelle

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
High magnification view of
rough endoplasmic reticulum
(RER) from rat pancreas cells.
This shows RER and
ribosomes, both bound (RiB)
and free (RiF)