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Transcript
Cell Organelles Eukaryotic Cells Cell Parts • Cells – the basic unit of life • Organelles – small structures inside a cell with specific functions Analogy – City of Concord Cell Membrane • FUNCTION – allows food, oxygen & water into the cell and waste out of the cell – the protective layer • STRUCTURE – two layers of phospholipids, proteins Analogy – Concord City Limits Cytoplasm • FUNCTION – all cell contents that lie between the cell membrane and the nucleus • STRUCTURE – gelatinlike fluid inside membrane Analogy – All air, water, life that are in Concord Nucleus • FUNCTION – “Control Center” – regulates DNA and directs all cell activity • STRUCTURE – membrane bound, contains DNA, usually largest organelle Analogy – City Hall Nuclear Envelope • FUNCTION – Regulates what enters or exits the nucleus • STRUCTURE – double layer of lipids Analogy – Walls & Doors of City Hall DNA – Deoxynucleic Acid • • FUNCTION – information on how to make proteins • Chomatin – unorganized DNA (normal state) • Chomosomes – organized DNA (present before cell division) STRUCTURE – made up of nucleotides, locked in the nucleus Analogy – The Laws or City Code By Eukaryote_DNA.svg: *Difference_DNA_RNA-EN.svg: *Difference_DNA_RNA-DE.svg: Sponk (talk)translation: Sponk (talk)Chromosome.svg: *derivative work: Tryphon (talk)Chromosomeupright.png: Original version: Magnus Manske, this version with upright chromosome: User:Dietzel65Animal_cell_structure_en.svg: LadyofHats (Mariana Ruiz)derivative work: Radio89derivative work: Radio89 - This file was derived from Eukaryote DNA.svg:, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=20539140 Endoplasmic Reticulum • • FUNCTION – transportation route for proteins • Rough ER – has ribosomes • Smooth ER – no ribosomes STRUCTURE – folded membranes; like a conveyor belt Analogy – Roads & Sidewalks Ribosomes • FUNCTION – makes proteins • STRUCTURE – small circular organelles attached to the ER or float freely Analogy – Restaurants, Factories, Builders Vacuoles • FUNCTION – storage for water, nutrients or waste • STRUCTURE – small membrane-bound organelle Analogy – Grocery Stores, Water Tanks Lysosomes • FUNCTION – packets of digestive enzymes that break down food, waste, cell parts, and foreign invaders in a cell • STRUCTURE – small membrane-bound organelles; mostly in animal cells Analogy – Recycling Center Mitochondria • FUNCTION – produce energy for the cell – site of cellular respiration. “The Powerhouse”. Break down food to make & release energy • STRUCTURE – double membrane-bound, kidney shaped Analogy – Duke Energy Golgi Apparatus/Complex • FUNCTION – packages, labels, sorts and ships protein out of the cell • STRUCTURE – pancakeshaped layered organelle, stacked flattened membranes Analogy – Post Office Cytoskeleton • • FUNCTION – provide support and structure for the cell • Microfilaments • Microtubules STRUCTURE – tubules Analogy – Wood, cement, steel beams Centrioles • FUNCTION – microtubules that help divide the cell during cell division (animals ONLY) • STRUCTURE – tubules Analogy – Concord Middle vs. Mt. Pleasant Chloroplasts • FUNCTION – site of photosynthesis (converting sun and CO2 into sugar (food)) – plants ONLY • STRUCTURE – membrane-bound organelles that contain chlorophyll Analogy – Solar Panels Cell Wall • FUNCTION – provides support for the cell and the plant • STRUCTURE – rigid structure, provides support; made of cellulose Analogy – Ground, Rock Wall Cilia & Flagella • FUNCTION – provides movement for the cell or objects moving by the cell • STRUCTURE • Flagella – 1 long fiber • Cilia – many short fibers Analogy – Cars or bicycles Cell Parts Analogy • Create an analogy (besides the city analogy) for the cell and its parts • Possible ideas • Stadium • School • Country • Restaurant • House • Mall • Waterpark Group Project • Group 1 (Kasey, Ayden, Jack, Nicholas) • • • Decide what you want your analogy to be Place the picture of the cell in the center of poster Find pictures of the things that each organelle represents • Group 2 (Sammy, Robert, Caleb) • Decide what you want your analogy to be • Place the picture of the cell in the center of poster • Find pictures of the things that each organelle represents