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Transcript
Cells, Cells, Cells! Cell Theory ❏ The Cell Theory ❏ all living things are composed of cells ❏ cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things ❏ all cells are produced from other cells Looking Inside Cells ❏ ❏ Cells are very tiny, BUT there are even tinier structure INSIDE of the cell that are called organelles. ❏ these organelles carry out specific functions within the cell Think about organelles inside of cells as you think of organs (heart, lungs, stomach) inside of your body. ❏ Organs inside of your body carry out specific functions just as organelles carry out specific functions inside of the cell. Plant vs Animal Cells ❏ ❏ Plant and animal cells are both EUKARYOTIC cells. Both types of cells contain many of the same organelles; however, each type of cell has a few structures that the other does not have. ❏ Animal cells have lysosomes and plant cells do not. ❏ Plant cells have a cell wall, central vacuole, and chloroplasts while animal cells do not. ❏ Plant and animal cells are both EUKARYOTIC cells. ❏ Both types of cells contain many of the same organelles; however, each type of cell has a few structures that the other does not have. ❏ Animal cells have lysosomes and plant cells do not. ❏ Plant cells have a cell wall, central vacuole, and chloroplasts while animal cells do not. Plant Cell Organelles ❏ ❏ Cell wall ❏ a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants ❏ helps to protect and support the cell ❏ made of a strong material called cellulose ❏ The cell wall is tough, but many materials like water and oxygen can pass through it easily. Remember! Only plant cells have cell walls. Animal cells do NOT! ❏ Cell wall ❏ a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants ❏ helps to protect and support the cell ❏ made of a strong material called cellulose ❏ The cell wall is tough, but many materials like water and oxygen can pass through it easily. ❏ Remember! Only plant cells have cell walls. Animal cells do NOT! ❏ Cell Membrane ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ ❏ the cell membrane is just inside the cell wall controls what substances come into and out of a cell Everything the cell needs, from food to oxygen, enters the cell through the cell membrane. Harmful waste products leave the cell through the cell membrane. The cell membrane also prevents harmful materials from entering the cell. Think of the membrane like a window screen. ❏ ❏ ❏ Nucleus ❏ the cell’s control center; directs all of the cell’s activities ❏ think of the nucleus as the brain of the cell Nuclear Envelope ❏ membrane that surrounds and protects the nucleus Nucleolus ❏ small structure inside of the nucleus where ribosomes are made ❏ Cytoplasm ❏ ❏ ❏ the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus clear, thick, gel-like fluid that is constantly moving many of the cell organelles are in the cytoplasm ❏ Mitochondria ❏ ❏ rod-shaped structures known as the “powerhouses” of the cell convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions ❏ Endoplasmic Reticulum ❏ passageways that carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another ❏ Ribosomes ❏ ❏ ❏ some ribosomes are attached to the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum some are free-floating in the cytoplasm function as factories to produce proteins ❏ Golgi bodies ❏ ❏ receive proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, package them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell it also releases materials outside of the cell ❏ Chloroplasts ❏ ❏ ❏ green organelles that capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell these are found ONLY in PLANT cells chloroplasts make leaves green ❏ Vacuoles ❏ ❏ ❏ vacuoles are the storage areas of cells Plant cells have one large vacuole some animal cells have vacuoles, but not all of them Inside the Animal Cell ❏ The animal cell has many of the same structures as the plant cell. ❏ cell membrane, nucleus (with the nuclear envelope and nucleolus), mitochondria, ER, Golgi bodies, and some vacuoles. ❏ Animal cells do have an organelle that plants do NOT have. ❏ They are called lysosomes. ❏ small, round structures containing chemicals that break down certain materials in the cell