Download Cell Membrane

Cells, Cells, Cells!
Cell Theory
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The Cell Theory
❏ all living things are
composed of cells
❏ cells are the basic unit of
structure and function in
living things
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all cells are produced from
other cells
Looking Inside Cells
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Cells are very tiny, BUT there are even tinier structure INSIDE of the cell
that are called organelles.
❏ these organelles carry out specific functions within the cell
Think about organelles inside of cells as you think of organs (heart, lungs,
stomach) inside of your body.
❏ Organs inside of your body carry out specific functions just as
organelles carry out specific functions inside of the cell.
Plant vs Animal Cells
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Plant and animal cells are
both EUKARYOTIC cells.
Both types of cells contain
many of the same
organelles; however, each
type of cell has a few
structures that the other
does not have.
❏ Animal cells have
lysosomes and plant
cells do not.
❏ Plant cells have a cell
wall, central vacuole,
and chloroplasts
while animal cells do
not.
❏ Plant and animal cells are both EUKARYOTIC cells.
❏ Both types of cells contain many of the same organelles;
however, each type of cell has a few structures that the
other does not have.
❏ Animal cells have lysosomes and plant cells do not.
❏ Plant cells have a cell wall, central vacuole, and
chloroplasts while animal cells do not.
Plant Cell Organelles
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Cell wall
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a rigid layer of nonliving
material that surrounds
the cells of plants
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helps to protect and
support the cell
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made of a strong
material called cellulose
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The cell wall is tough,
but many materials like
water and oxygen can
pass through it easily.
Remember! Only plant cells
have cell walls. Animal cells do
NOT!
❏ Cell wall
❏ a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the
cells of plants
❏ helps to protect and support the cell
❏ made of a strong material called cellulose
❏ The cell wall is tough, but many materials like water
and oxygen can pass through it easily.
❏ Remember! Only plant cells have cell walls. Animal cells
do NOT!
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Cell Membrane
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the cell membrane is just inside the cell wall
controls what substances come into and out of a cell
Everything the cell needs, from food to oxygen, enters the cell through the
cell membrane.
Harmful waste products leave the cell through the cell membrane.
The cell membrane also prevents harmful materials from entering the cell.
Think of the membrane like a window screen.
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Nucleus
❏ the cell’s control center; directs
all of the cell’s activities
❏ think of the nucleus as the
brain of the cell
Nuclear Envelope
❏ membrane that surrounds and
protects the nucleus
Nucleolus
❏ small structure inside of the
nucleus where ribosomes are
made
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Cytoplasm
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the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus
clear, thick, gel-like fluid that is constantly moving
many of the cell organelles are in the cytoplasm
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Mitochondria
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rod-shaped structures known as the “powerhouses” of the cell
convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its
functions
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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passageways that carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to
another
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Ribosomes
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some ribosomes are attached to the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum
some are free-floating in the cytoplasm
function as factories to produce proteins
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Golgi bodies
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receive proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic
reticulum, package them, and distribute them to other parts of the cell
it also releases materials outside of the cell
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Chloroplasts
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green organelles that capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell
these are found ONLY in PLANT cells
chloroplasts make leaves green
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Vacuoles
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vacuoles are the storage areas of cells
Plant cells have one large vacuole
some animal cells have vacuoles, but not all of them
Inside the Animal Cell
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The animal cell has many of the
same structures as the plant
cell.
❏ cell membrane, nucleus
(with the nuclear envelope
and nucleolus),
mitochondria, ER, Golgi
bodies, and some vacuoles.
❏ Animal cells do have an organelle that plants do NOT
have.
❏ They are called lysosomes.
❏ small, round structures containing chemicals that
break down certain materials in the cell