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Answer Key DNA Review 1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. I) 11. B 12. D 13. D 14. A 15. B 16. A 17. B 18. B 19. B 20. D 21. A 22. C 23. C 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. A 29. I) 30. C 31. B NAME: REVIEW DNA 1. The transfer of genes from parents to their offspring is known as A) differentiation C) immunity B) heredity D) evolution 2. A man is exposed to large amounts of ultraviolet radiation while sunbathing at the beach. This exposure causes a genetic change in the DNA of A) his male and female children B) his male children, only C) all cells in his body D) his skin cells, only 3. The en/ymc pepsin is produced in the cells of the stomach but not in the cells of the small intestine. The small intestine produces a different enzyme, trypsin. The reason that the stomach and small intestine produce different enzymes is that the gene that codes for pepsin is A) in the cells of the stomach, but not in the cells of the small intestine B) expressed in the stomach but not expressed in the small intestine C) mutated in the small intestine D) digested by the trypsin in the small intestine 4. The photograph below shows two color variations of Himalayan rabbits. In the winter, the rabbits resemble the one on the left. In the summer, the rabbits resemble the one on the right. Himalayan Rabbits Winter Summer The changes in fur color arc most likely due to A) B) C) D) a virus that affected genes in specific areas of the body the sorting and recombination of genes gene expression due to the differences in abiotic conditions the molecular arrangement of sugars DATE REVIEW 5. Which phrase best describes a gene? A) a segment of a ON A molecule found only in the body cells of an organism B) a segment of a DNA molecule found only in the gametes of an organism C) a segment of a DNA molecule that contains the instructions for producing a trait in an organism D) a segment of a DNA molecule that contains the instructions for producing all the characteristics of an organism 6. The diagram below represents a microscopic structure observed during mitosis. 8. A strand of DNA in a skin cell contains the bases: A- T-G-C-C-A- T-C-G-G- T-A After the cell is exposed to ultraviolet light, the strand contains the bases: A-T-G-G-C-C-A-T-C-G-G-T-A Which statement describes the result of this exposure? A) B) C) D) A new base has heen inserted. A base has been deleted. One base has been substituted for another. There have been no changes in the bases. 9. In a species of plant, the sudden appearance of one plant with a different leaf structure would most likely be the result of The region indicated by letter A is known as A) an enzyme C) a gene B) a gamete D) an amino acid 7. Which sequence correctly represents the arrangement of structures containing genetic material, from the largest to the smallest size? A) B) C) D) chromosome —> gene —> nucleus nucleus —» chromosome -> gene gene —> chromosome —t nucleus gene —> nucleus —> chromosome A) B) C) D) stable gene frequencies chromosomal mutations slow environmental changes asexual reproduction 10. An increase in the amount of ultraviolet light entering the atmosphere through holes in the ozone layer will most likely A) B) C) D) reduce the rate of photosynthesis in fungi result in rapid recycling of finite resources prevent animal migration cause an increase in the rate of certain mutations 11. Some weed killers, insecticides, and food additives alter the DNA of certain cells. Because of this effect, these substances are known as A) parasites C) contagions B) mutagens D) producers REVIEW 2. The diagram below represents the locations of two mutations in a strand of a DNA molecule. c c G A C G G A G A C G A A T T A C A T DNA _^ r T Mutations G A C A T DNA with mutations If this DNA is located in the nucleus of a skin cell, the cell will A) pass the mutations on to only half the cells that develop from it B) delete all of the DNA in the nucleus and synthesize new DNA C) correct the mutations after several generations D) pass the mutations on (o the cells that develop from it 3. The diagram below shows an alteration that occurred during the replication process of a portion of a gene. The numbers identify the locations of specific bases in the sequence A T C C G C A T C T T A T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Replication *• A T C G C A T C T T A T This alterations is most likely the result of A) a substitution at base 2 C) an insertion of base 3 13) a deletion of base 2 D) a deletion of base 4 REVIEW 14. An alteration of genetic information is shown below. A-G-T-A-C-C-G-A-T-> A-G-T-G-A-T This type of alteration of the genetic information is an example of A) deletion C) substitution B) insertion D) recombination 15. Changing one base in a gene could have the most direct effect on the A} function of the membrane of a cell B) sequence of building blocks of a protein found in a cell C) number of mitochondria in a cell D) type of carbohydrates synthesized by a cell 16. The molecule represented below is found in living things. Which statement describes one characteristic of this molecule? A) It is the template for the replication of genetic information. B) Organic catalysts are made up of these molecules. C) It is different in each cell of an organism. D) Cell membranes contain many of these molecules. REVIEW 7. Base your answer to the following question on the structure and location of a cellular component represented in the diagram below. Cell Nucleus Polymer What does this polymer in the diagram most likely contain? A) ATP B) DNA C) enzymes 18. The molecule DNA contains the four bases listed below. D) lipids 21. The process represented in the diagram below occurs in many cells. A - adcnine C - cytosinc G guaninc T -- thymine Which base pairings normally occur during DNA replication? A) Guaninc pairs with eytosine. Thymine pairs wilh thymine. B) Adenine pairs with thymine. Cytosine pairs with guanine. C) Thymine pairs with guanine. Cytosine pairs with adcnine. D) Cylosinc pairs with eytosine. Thymine pairs with thymine. 19. Before a cell divides, an exact copy of each chromosome is made by the process of A) B) C) D) genetic engineering replication mutation recombination 20. Which molecules are needed to cut and copy segments of DNA? A) B) C) D) reproductive hormones carbohydrates antibodies biological catalysts The main function of this process is to A) B) C) D) provide an exact copy of the genetic code ensure genetic variation in a species synthesize cellular proteins produce antibodies to combat disease REVIEW 22. Which event would most likely cause a change in a genetic sequence in an organism? A) B) C) D) eating certain foods high in saturated fats strenuous physical activity exposure to radiation a sudden exposure to cooler temperatures 23. Coded instructions that arc passed from one generation to the next can be most directly changed by the processes of A) passive transport, natural selection, and synthesis B) selective breeding, replication, and absorption C) recombination, mutation, and genetic engineering D) evolution, reproduction, and digestion 24. Researchers have found that formaldehyde and asbestos can alter DNA base sequences. Based on this research, the use of these chemicals has been greatly reduced because they A) may act as fertilizers, increasing the growth of algae in ponds B) have been replaced by more toxie compounds C) are capable of causing mutations in humans D) interfere with the production of antibiotics by white blood cells 25. In a cell, protein synthesis is the primary function of A) ribosomes C) chloroplasts B) mitochondria D) vacuolcs Base your answers to questions 26 through 28 on "the diagram below, which contains arrows representing different processes occurring in a cell. Enzymes DNA RNA DNA »• Polypeptides Call parts 26. What is the product of process 3? A) a strand of ON A C) a strand of RNA B) two complementary strands of DNA D) a chain of amino acids REVIEW 27. What is Process 1 known as? A) replication B) mutation C) nondisjunetion D) transloeation 28. Which processes occur in the nucleus? A) 1 and 2 B) 2 and 3 C) 3 and 4 D) 4 and 5 29. Farmers in India have increased the harvest yield of food crops like eggplant by growing them from seeds that have been modified to produce a bacterial toxin that is harmful to pest insects. This is an example of A) B) C) D) selective breeding of the insects spraying an insecticide on plants selective breeding of the eggplant an application of biotechnology Base your answers to questions 30 and 31 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. Female mosquitoes spread diseases when they bite humans to obtain blood. It is only the females that do the biting. Research is being conducted to alter the DNA of male mosquitoes. These altered males could then mate with normal female mosquitoes. All of the resulting female offspring would have wing defects that prevent them from flying 30. The method used to alter the male mosquitoes is an example of an application of A) a feedback mechanism C) biotechnology B) selective breeding D) physiology 31. One assumption from this research is that the A) B) C) D) altered female altered female males would begin to bite humans and spread the diseases offspring would be unable to bite humans, since they cannot fly males would not be able to reproduce offspring would become larger in size