Download Answer Key DNA Review - John Bowne High School

Answer Key
DNA Review
1.
B
2.
D
3.
B
4.
C
5.
C
6.
C
7.
B
8.
A
9.
B
10.
I)
11.
B
12.
D
13.
D
14.
A
15.
B
16.
A
17.
B
18.
B
19.
B
20.
D
21.
A
22.
C
23.
C
24.
C
25.
A
26.
D
27.
A
28.
A
29.
I)
30.
C
31.
B
NAME:
REVIEW
DNA
1. The transfer of genes from parents to their offspring is
known as
A) differentiation
C) immunity
B) heredity
D) evolution
2. A man is exposed to large amounts of ultraviolet
radiation while sunbathing at the beach. This
exposure causes a genetic change in the DNA of
A) his male and female children
B) his male children, only
C) all cells in his body
D) his skin cells, only
3. The en/ymc pepsin is produced in the cells of the
stomach but not in the cells of the small intestine. The
small intestine produces a different enzyme, trypsin.
The reason that the stomach and small intestine
produce different enzymes is that the gene that codes
for pepsin is
A) in the cells of the stomach, but not in the cells of
the small intestine
B) expressed in the stomach but not expressed in
the small intestine
C) mutated in the small intestine
D) digested by the trypsin in the small intestine
4. The photograph below shows two color variations of Himalayan rabbits. In the winter, the rabbits
resemble the one on the left. In the summer, the rabbits resemble the one on the right.
Himalayan Rabbits
Winter
Summer
The changes in fur color arc most likely due to
A)
B)
C)
D)
a virus that affected genes in specific areas of the body
the sorting and recombination of genes
gene expression due to the differences in abiotic conditions
the molecular arrangement of sugars
DATE
REVIEW
5. Which phrase best describes a gene?
A) a segment of a ON A molecule found only in the
body cells of an organism
B) a segment of a DNA molecule found only in the
gametes of an organism
C) a segment of a DNA molecule that contains
the instructions for producing a trait in an
organism
D) a segment of a DNA molecule that contains the
instructions for producing all the characteristics
of an organism
6. The diagram below represents a microscopic structure
observed during mitosis.
8. A strand of DNA in a skin cell contains the bases:
A- T-G-C-C-A- T-C-G-G- T-A
After the cell is exposed to ultraviolet light, the strand
contains the bases:
A-T-G-G-C-C-A-T-C-G-G-T-A
Which statement describes the result of this
exposure?
A)
B)
C)
D)
A new base has heen inserted.
A base has been deleted.
One base has been substituted for another.
There have been no changes in the bases.
9. In a species of plant, the sudden appearance of one
plant with a different leaf structure would most likely
be the result of
The region indicated by letter A is known as
A) an enzyme
C) a gene
B) a gamete
D) an amino acid
7. Which sequence correctly represents the arrangement
of structures containing genetic material, from the
largest to the smallest size?
A)
B)
C)
D)
chromosome —> gene —> nucleus
nucleus —» chromosome -> gene
gene —> chromosome —t nucleus
gene —> nucleus —> chromosome
A)
B)
C)
D)
stable gene frequencies
chromosomal mutations
slow environmental changes
asexual reproduction
10. An increase in the amount of ultraviolet light
entering the atmosphere through holes in the ozone
layer will most likely
A)
B)
C)
D)
reduce the rate of photosynthesis in fungi
result in rapid recycling of finite resources
prevent animal migration
cause an increase in the rate of certain
mutations
11. Some weed killers, insecticides, and food additives
alter the DNA of certain cells. Because of this effect,
these substances are known as
A) parasites
C) contagions
B) mutagens
D) producers
REVIEW
2. The diagram below represents the locations of two
mutations in a strand of a DNA molecule.
c
c
G
A
C
G
G
A
G
A
C
G
A
A
T
T
A
C
A
T
DNA
_^
r
T
Mutations
G
A
C
A
T
DNA with mutations
If this DNA is located in the nucleus of a skin cell,
the cell will
A) pass the mutations on to only half the cells that
develop from it
B) delete all of the DNA in the nucleus and
synthesize new DNA
C) correct the mutations after several generations
D) pass the mutations on (o the cells that
develop from it
3. The diagram below shows an alteration that occurred during the replication process of a portion of a
gene. The numbers identify the locations of specific bases in the sequence
A T C C G C A T C T T A T
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Replication
*• A T C G C A T C T T A T
This alterations is most likely the result of
A) a substitution at base 2
C) an insertion of base 3
13) a deletion of base 2
D) a deletion of base 4
REVIEW
14. An alteration of genetic information is shown below.
A-G-T-A-C-C-G-A-T-> A-G-T-G-A-T
This type of alteration of the genetic information is
an example of
A) deletion
C) substitution
B) insertion
D) recombination
15. Changing one base in a gene could have the most
direct effect on the
A} function of the membrane of a cell
B) sequence of building blocks of a protein
found in a cell
C) number of mitochondria in a cell
D) type of carbohydrates synthesized by a cell
16. The molecule represented below is found in living
things.
Which statement describes one characteristic of this
molecule?
A) It is the template for the replication of
genetic information.
B) Organic catalysts are made up of these
molecules.
C) It is different in each cell of an organism.
D) Cell membranes contain many of these
molecules.
REVIEW
7. Base your answer to the following question on
the structure and location of a cellular component represented in the diagram below.
Cell
Nucleus
Polymer
What does this polymer in the diagram most likely contain?
A) ATP
B) DNA
C) enzymes
18. The molecule DNA contains the four bases listed
below.
D) lipids
21. The process represented in the diagram below occurs
in many cells.
A - adcnine
C - cytosinc
G guaninc
T -- thymine
Which base pairings normally occur during DNA
replication?
A) Guaninc pairs with eytosine. Thymine pairs
wilh thymine.
B) Adenine pairs with thymine. Cytosine pairs
with guanine.
C) Thymine pairs with guanine. Cytosine pairs
with adcnine.
D) Cylosinc pairs with eytosine. Thymine pairs
with thymine.
19. Before a cell divides, an exact copy of each
chromosome is made by the process of
A)
B)
C)
D)
genetic engineering
replication
mutation
recombination
20. Which molecules are needed to cut and copy
segments of DNA?
A)
B)
C)
D)
reproductive hormones
carbohydrates
antibodies
biological catalysts
The main function of this process is to
A)
B)
C)
D)
provide an exact copy of the genetic code
ensure genetic variation in a species
synthesize cellular proteins
produce antibodies to combat disease
REVIEW
22. Which event would most likely cause a change in a
genetic sequence in an organism?
A)
B)
C)
D)
eating certain foods high in saturated fats
strenuous physical activity
exposure to radiation
a sudden exposure to cooler temperatures
23. Coded instructions that arc passed from one
generation to the next can be most directly changed
by the processes of
A) passive transport, natural selection, and
synthesis
B) selective breeding, replication, and absorption
C) recombination, mutation, and genetic
engineering
D) evolution, reproduction, and digestion
24. Researchers have found that formaldehyde and
asbestos can alter DNA base sequences. Based on
this research, the use of these chemicals has been
greatly reduced because they
A) may act as fertilizers, increasing the growth of
algae in ponds
B) have been replaced by more toxie compounds
C) are capable of causing mutations in humans
D) interfere with the production of antibiotics by
white blood cells
25. In a cell, protein synthesis is the primary function of
A) ribosomes
C) chloroplasts
B) mitochondria
D) vacuolcs
Base your answers to questions 26 through 28 on
"the diagram below, which contains arrows representing different processes occurring in a cell.
Enzymes
DNA
RNA
DNA
»• Polypeptides
Call parts
26. What is the product of process 3?
A) a strand of ON A
C) a strand of RNA
B) two complementary strands of DNA
D) a chain of amino acids
REVIEW
27. What is Process 1 known as?
A) replication
B) mutation
C) nondisjunetion D) transloeation
28. Which processes occur in the nucleus?
A) 1 and 2
B) 2 and 3
C) 3 and 4
D) 4 and 5
29. Farmers in India have increased the harvest yield of
food crops like eggplant by growing them from
seeds that have been modified to produce a bacterial
toxin that is harmful to pest insects. This is an
example of
A)
B)
C)
D)
selective breeding of the insects
spraying an insecticide on plants
selective breeding of the eggplant
an application of biotechnology
Base your answers to questions 30 and 31 on the information below and on your knowledge of
biology.
Female mosquitoes spread diseases when they bite humans to obtain blood. It is only the females
that do the biting. Research is being conducted to alter the DNA of male mosquitoes. These altered
males could then mate with normal female mosquitoes. All of the resulting female offspring would
have wing defects that prevent them from flying
30. The method used to alter the male mosquitoes is an example of an application of
A) a feedback mechanism
C) biotechnology
B) selective breeding
D) physiology
31. One assumption from this research is that the
A)
B)
C)
D)
altered
female
altered
female
males would begin to bite humans and spread the diseases
offspring would be unable to bite humans, since they cannot fly
males would not be able to reproduce
offspring would become larger in size