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Name______________________________ Chapter 14 Class __________________ Date ______________ Class Section I . Genetics . Genetics Section2 Since Mendel The Human Genome Vocabulary Review Labeling Diagrams Use the words listed below to label the diagram. autosome sex chromosome (XX) Directions:This diagram showthejoiningofhuman male(XY) andhuman female sexcells. Usethe diagram toanswer thequestions below. karyotype [*'I autosome 2. .J l*'l 7Y /\ XY 1 1. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 karyotype 9 17 10 18 11 19 12 20 13 21 14 22 3. 15 X 5. sex chromosomes g _____ 6. autosomes a _____ 7. pedigree f _____ 8. sex-linked gene b _____ 9. nondisjunction d _____ 10. DNA fingerprinting XX XY ,$rn Y d sex chromosome a. chart that shows the relationships within a family b. failure of homologous chromosomes to separate in meiosis c. picture of chromosomes arranged in pairs d. test used to identify individuals by analyzing sections of DNA e. chromosomes that determine an individual’s sex f. gene located on the X or Y chromosome g. chromosomes that do not determine sex 'tli 1. What do the lettersX and Y standfor? a .9 2. Which chromosomeis found only in the male? o o E o O I 3 0 o © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 4. karyotype e _____ XY 16 Matching In the space provided, write the letter of the definition that best matches each term. c _____ XX 3. Which personhastwo X chromosomes? 0 I 0 c .9 '> 4. Accordingto the diagram,what percentageof the offspring is female? 0 I ! ! 00 \ 5. Do you think it is possibleto accuratelypredict all male offspring for a particular mating pair?Why or why not? 0 0 a -9 0 0 ! .g 0 0 16 Heredity I Name____________________________ Class __________________ Pedigree Charts A pedigree chart is a diagram that shows family relationships. This pedigree chart shows how the trait of a white lock of hair has been inherited in a family. The allele that codes for a white lock of hair is dominant. Study the chart. Then, answer the questions below. A White Lock of Hair A circle represents a female. (lass Date __________ Genetics Since Mendel I questions provided. Answer thefollowing onthelines Directions: l. There are four phenotypesof human blood. a. Is it possiblefor two allelesto producefour phenotypes? b. What phenotypeis producedby eachof the following genotypes? A square represents a male. A vertical line and a bracket connect the parents to their children. A horizontal line connecting a male and female represents a marriage. AA AO oo BB BO AB c. How many allelesare there for blood type? d. When a trait hasmore than two alleles.how is that trait inherited? e. Which blood type is inherited by incompletedominance?Explainyour answer. Ww i 1. How many males shown in the chart have a white lock of hair? 2. This pedigreeshowsthe inheritancepattern of a sex-linkeddisorder,suchas color blindness. Is the father,A, affectedor not affectedby the disorder?Explain your answer. 2. The alleles of two of the people in the chart are provided. What are the alleles of their three children? 3. Name a sex-linked genetic disorder. Son without white lock: 4. Name a homozygousrecessive geneticdisorder. Son with white lock: Daughter with white lock: 24 Heredity © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. 129 I I ww A circle or square that is not shaded indicates that a person does not express the trait. A shaded circle or square indicates that a person expresses the trait. ,\l* Name____________________________ Class __________________ Date __________ Sex-Linked Disorders The X and Y chromosomes are the sex chromosomes. Females have two X chromosomes. Males have one X and one Y chromosome. Because males have only one allele for X-linked genes, the allele is expressed, even if it is recessive. The pedigree below shows the offspring of a female carrier of hemophilia and a male who does not suffer from the disorder. X Xh XY Date Name (lass (Xc). thepedigree Study iscolorblindness ontheX chromoslme traitoc-urring }nesex-linked Directions: tohelp llsethefollowing generations ofafamily. inthree blindness of color theoccurrence thatshows below questions 5-9. answer X=X chromosome o tr o I Y-Y chromosome c=normal vision .(- '=color-blind trait n o rm a lf em a le normalmale carrierfemale male color-blind 5. What is the genotypeof the first generationfemale? Xh X XY XX Xh Y 6. What is the genotypeof the first generationmale? rs trait? 7. What is the probability in percentof person6 passingthe color-blind a u; Use the pedigree to answer the questions. 1. Color each square or circle that indicates an individual who is a carrier of the hemophilia trait in red. 2. Color each square or circle that indicates an individual who has hemophilia in blue. 3. Could these parents have a daughter with hemophilia? Explain. .q 8. What is the probability in percentof person7 passingthe color-blind trait? \Mhat accountsfor this? 9. person5 is color-blind. However,his sonsdo not havethis condition. o c 'a questiln. thefollowing answer sentences, complete Directions:Ilsing 10. Explain how scientistshaveattemptedto improve crop plants. o e j I = a o o c o o 4. Why are sex-linked diseases more common in males than in females? E .9p o o 38 Heredity 131 E = -= o o c Skills lV. Writing © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. c o o Class Name____________________________ Date Chapter 14 The Human Genome Graphic Organizer Compare/Contrast Table Types of Genetic Disorders Using information from the chapter, complete the compare/contrast table below to compare different types of genetic disorders. If there is not enough room in the table to write your answers, write them on a separate sheet of paper. Type of Disorder Cause Can Be Inherited Affects Both Males and Females? Class __________________ Date __________ DNA Fingerprinting No two people have exactly the same genetic code, except for identical twins. DNA fingerprinting is a technique used to identify individuals based on their genetic code. Using DNA fingerprinting, DNA from blood and other materials left at a crime scene can be compared to a suspect’s DNA. If the samples match, it is likely that the DNA found at the crime scene is the suspect’s DNA. Look at the DNA fingerprints and answer the following questions. Examples 1. Yes Yes 2. Sex-linked Sex-linked genetic disorders are caused by alleles on the X or Y chromosome. Yes 3. Colorblindness, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Hemophilia Chromosomal 4. No Yes 5. © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Sa m pl Sa e 1 m p Sa le 2 m p Sa le 3 m p Ev le 4 id en Sa ce m pl e 5 Autosomal DNA Fingerprint A Sa m p Sa le 1 m p Sa le 2 m p Sa le 3 m p Sa le 4 m pl Sa e 5 m pl e 6 Name DNA Fingerprint B 1. In DNA Fingerprint A, which sample matches the evidence? 2. In DNA Fingerprint B, which two samples match? 3. In DNA fingerprint B, which two samples may be from a set of identical twins? Teaching Resources /Chapter 14 179 © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. 132 Name____________________________ Class __________________ Date __________ Chapter 14 The Human Genome Vocabulary Review Multiple Choice In the space provided, write the letter of the term that best completes each sentence. Name____________________________ Class __________________ Gene Therapy Gene therapy is the process by which genes that cause a disorder are replaced by normal, working genes. Often, viruses are used during gene therapy. The diagram below shows how a virus might be used to deliver a gene to a bone marrow cell. 1. In addition to two sex chromosomes, humans have 44 other chromosomes called a. autosomes. c. sex-linked genes. b. karyotypes. d. zygotes. 2. A picture that shows chromosomes arranged in pairs is a(n) a. pedigree. c. autosome. b. DNA fingerprint. d. karyotype. 3. Whether a human is male or female is determined by his or her a. sex chromosomes. c. autosomal chromosomes. b. pedigree chromosomes. d. sickle-cell chromosomes. 4. DNA fingerprinting is used to identify individuals by a. replacing sections of DNA. b. analyzing sections of DNA. c. charting family relationships. d. sorting homologous chromosomes. 5. A pedigree is a chart that shows a. the separation of chromosomes during meiosis. b. sections of an individual’s DNA. c. relationships within a family. d. chromosomes in homologous pairs. 6. Nondisjunction occurs when a. homologous chromosomes fail to separate in meiosis. b. humans analyze DNA. c. males have a recessive gene on their X chromosome. d. humans construct a pedigree. Date __________ Bone marrow cell Nucleus Normal gene 1 Chromosomes Virus 2 3 Arrange the following steps in the correct order. Virus infects human cell. Normal gene is inserted into viral DNA. Virus delivers its DNA to human cell. Answer the question. 1. Why are viruses used in gene therapy? 7. A sex-linked gene is a gene that a. is located on an autosome. b. causes nondisjunction. c. fails to separate during meiosis. d. is located on an X or a Y chromosome. © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. 134 133