Download Unit 3: Cells Name SES: Pages 51-75 HRW: Pages 68

Unit 3: Cells
SES: Pages 51-75
HRW: Pages 68-93
Name __________________________
Block ______
Unit Learning Targets (L.T.):
Introduction to the Cell
1. I can describe the relationship between atoms, bonds, and molecules.
2. I can explain the hierarchy of structure found in living things.
3. I can cite evidence of the origin and evolution of cells and organelles.
Cell Types - How are all cells the same, yet different?
4. I can list differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
5. I can list similarities and differences between animal and plant cells.
6. I can identify the organelles in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells using diagrams.
7. I can list which organelles are in all cells.
8. I can explain how cells in a multicellular organism can be different even though they all
contain the same DNA.
Cell Organelles - How do organelles work to support the cell?
9. I can describe the function of the nucleus.
10. I can describe the functions of organelles that make or modify macromolecules
11. I can describe the functions of organelles that make energy for cell metabolism
12. I can describe the functions of organelles that store products in a cell can describe the
functions of the organelles that give the cell shape and structure
13. I can describe how all the organelles work together to make proteins.
Vocabulary:
prokaryotic cell
flagella
contractile vacuole
endoplasmic reticulum
nucleus
nucleoli
organism
eukaryotic cell
ribosome
centriole
lysosome
vacuole
cell
organelle
Topic
Introduction to Cells L.T. – 1-3
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
L.T. – 4,6,7
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
L.T. – 4,6,7
Eukaryotic Cell Structure
L.T. – 3,4,5,6
Eukaryotic Cell Structure
L.T. – 3,4,5,6
Eukaryotic Cell Structure
L.T. – 3,4,5,6
Review
Unit Test
chromosome
cytoskeleton
golgi apparatus
cytoplasm
cell membrane
tissue
DNA
cell wall
rough E.R.
mitochondria
cilia
organ
plasmid
endosome
smooth E.R.
vesicle
chloroplasts
organ system
Activities/Labs/In-class Work
Activity: Relative size of structures
Unit 3 Notes and Discussion
Activity: Prokaryotic Cells
Reading Activity: Compare and Contrast Cell
Types
Review Activity: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cell PowerPoint
LT Check #1: Review Part 1 and 2
Eukaryotic Cell PowerPoint
Eukaryotic Cell PowerPoint
Activity: Plant Cells vs. Animal Cells
Introduce Unit Project: Cell Analogy/Cell Party
LT Check #2: Review Part 3
Eukaryotic Cell Computer Activity
http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/health/anatomy/
cell/index.htm
Eukaryotic Cell Bingo
Cell Party and Practice Test
Unit 3 Test Part 1/Unit 2 Test Part 2
Homework*
Review Part 1
Review Part 2
LT Check #1
Tomorrow
Finish Review 2
LT Check #2
Tomorrow
Work on Project
Study for Test
TBD
* Please note – Additional homework may be added as necessary. Any changes
discussed in class and written on the board should be added to homework listed above
by the student and will be due as discussed in class. SES: Penguin Book, HRW: Owl
Book
Prokaryote Coloring
Prokaryotes cells are the simplest of all the cells. They are classified in two Kingdoms: Kingdom Eubacteria and the
Kingdom Archaea. Eubacteria are common bacteria that occur all around us, usually they are on surfaces and in the
soil. You can only find Archaea in extreme environments, like hot sulfur springs. Archaea are thought to be some of
the oldest life forms on earth. Most prokaryotes are not autotrophs and thus don't make their own food. That means
they are heterotrophs and rely on other organisms to provide them with food. These bacteria have to break down, or
decompose, other living things to obtain energy.
When most people hear the word bacteria, they think of something that is bad for you. In fact, very few bacteria cause
illness. Some bacteria actually help you! Bacteria are used to make food, such as cheese and yogurt, and they can
also help us break down harmful substances in the environment. Scientists created a type of bacteria that could
gobble up oil from oil spills. Some prokaryotes live inside the guts of animals and help them to digest food.
Unfortunately, there are many types of bacteria that can make us ill. Salmonella bacteria can cause food poisoning,
and certain types of bacteria are responsible for other infections. You might have had some experience with
Streptococcus, the bacteria that causes strep throat.
Prokaryotes have a very simple cell design. Most of them have a thick outer covering called the cell wall. On the
picture, color the cell wall purple (it’s the outermost layer). Just within the cell wall is the cell membrane. The cell
membrane determines what comes in and out of the cell and thus helps to maintain homeostasis. Color the cell
membrane pink. Along the surface of the prokaryotic cell, you might encounter structures called pilus, whose job is
to help the bacteria stick to surfaces. Color all the pilus light green. Prokaryotes might also need to move around in
their environment, so they can have structures called flagella, which resemble tails. Find the two flagella pictured and
color them dark green. The watery interior of the cell is called cytoplasm, and it has the texture of jello. Color the
cytoplasm light blue. Sprinkled throughout the cell are small roundish structures called ribosomes. Ribosomes make
proteins for the cell. Color all of the ribosomes red. Every prokaryote cell has DNA floating within the cytoplasm,
which usually looks like a twisted strand of spaghetti. DNA contains the instructions for the cell, basically it is the
control center. Find the DNA and color it yellow.
Questions:
1. What are the two types of prokaryotes? ____________________________________________
2. What are the oldest life forms on earth? ______________________
3. Name two types of bacteria that can make you sick:
____________________________________________
4. What part of the bacteria cell helps it stick to surfaces?
_______________________________________
5. Name two foods that bacteria help make:
_______________________________________
6. What does “decompose” mean?
______________________________________
7. What is the control center of the prokaryotic cell?
_______________________________
8. What part of the prokaryotic cell helps it move?
_______________________________________
9. Where do Archaea live?
____________________________________
10. To what kingdom do common bacteria belong?
_____________________________________
11. What is a heterotroph?_____________________________
_____________________________________
12. What is the function of the ribosome?
_____________________________________
Part 1
1) List the following in order from smallest to largest: atom, cell, nucleus, ribosome, grain of
salt
\
2) All living things are made of ______________________________________.
3) Review: Cells were first discovered by ______________________________ who
looked at ___________________________________ with a basic microscope.
4) List the following in the correct order from simplest to most complex: tissue, organ
system, organ, cell
5) What is the purpose of the cell junction?
6) Why are organ systems necessary?
7) Describe the functions of the following parts of the prokaryotic cell:
a. Pilus:
b. Cell membrane:
c. Cell wall:
d. Flagella:
e. Ribosome:
f.
DNA:
g. Cytosol/cytoplasm:
8) Organisms in the kingdoms ____________________ and ________________________
have prokaryotic cells.
Part 2
1) Name the two basic cell types.
2) What structures provides evidence of evolution and are common to ALL eukaryotic and
prokaryotic cells?
3) Complete the following chart: Write E for eukaryotic, P for prokaryotic and B is the
statement applies to both.
A. _______ Likely evolved first
B. _______ Contains ribosomes
C. _______ Found in animals, plants, fungi and protists
D. _______ Contains a cytoplasm
E. _______ Pili (pilus is singular) may be found attached to the outside
F. _______ May have flagella
G. _______ Small circles of DNA called plasmids
H. _______ Larger
I.
_______ A true nucleus
J. _______ Membrane-bound organelles
K. _______ May have cell walls
L. _______ Archaea and Eubacteria
M. _______ A cell membrane regulates what comes in and out
N. _______ Contains genetic information
4) Explain why you think organelles enhance the success of eukaryotic organisms.
Part 3
1) List the organelles that can only be present in animal cells. Describe the importance of
these organelles to animal cells.
2) List the 3 organelles that are only present in a plant cell (one is also present in fungi
cells). Describe the importance of these organelles to plant cells.
3) Compare and contrast the cell membrane and the cell wall. Draw a chart to help you.
4) List the steps involved in protein synthesis. For each step, write the organelle involved
and a brief description of what happens in that organelle. Include the following
organelles in your explanation: ribosome, nucleus, golgi apparatus, nucleolus, vacuole,
endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Be sure to number each step and try to do this
first without looking at your notes.
5) Use the following image to label each organelle using the letters below. Write the name of the
organelle next to the letter and then indicate the organelle using the letter and an arrow. After you
have labeled each organelle, provide a brief description of the organelle’s function in the cell.
ORGANELLE
FUNCTION
A. __________________________________
__________________________________
B. __________________________________
__________________________________
C. __________________________________
__________________________________
D. __________________________________
__________________________________
E. __________________________________
__________________________________
F. __________________________________
__________________________________
G. __________________________________
__________________________________
H. __________________________________
__________________________________
I. __________________________________
__________________________________
J. __________________________________
__________________________________
K. __________________________________
__________________________________