Download Socrative Modern Genetics - Manhasset Public Schools

1. The diagram below shows an alteration that occurred during the replication process of a portion of a gene. The numbers identify the
locations of specific bases in the sequence
This alterations is most likely the result of
A) a substitution at base 2
C) an insertion of base 3
B) a deletion of base 2
D) a deletion of base 4
2. A DNA nucleotide may contain
A)
B)
C)
D)
7. The diagram below shows some of the steps in protein synthesis?
deoxyribose, cytosine, and a lipid
deoxyribose, thymine, and a phosphate group
ribose, uracil, and a polypeptide
ribose, adenine, and thymine
3. Which factor would cause two specialized tissues that contain identical
chromosomes to function differently?
A) Specific sections of DNA molecules in the chromosomes are
activated.
B) All of the sections of DNA molecules in the chromosomes are
activated.
C) Specific sections of the amino acid molecules in the cytoplasm are
activated.
D) All of the amino acid molecules in the cytoplasm are activated.
4. An alteration of genetic information is shown below.
A-G-T-A-C-C-G-A-T
A-G-T-G-A-T
This type of alteration of the genetic information is an example of
A) deletion
C) substitution
B) insertion
D) recombination
5. The molecule represented below is found in living things.
The section of DNA being used to make the strand of mRNA is known
as a
A) carbohydrate
C) ribosome
B) gene
D) chromosome
8. A characteristic of a DNA molecule that is not characteristic of a
protein molecule is that the DNA molecule
A) can replicate itself
C) is found in cytoplasm
B) can be very large
D) is composed of subunits
9. Genes involved in the production of abnormal red blood cells have an
abnormal sequence of
A) ATP molecules
C) sugars
B) amino acids
D) bases
10. With respect to normal base pairing, when a molecule of DNA
replicates, thymine will most likely pair with
A) adenine
Which statement describes one characteristic of this molecule?
A)
B)
C)
D)
It is the template for the replication of genetic information.
Organic catalysts are made up of these molecules.
It is different in each cell of an organism.
Cell membranes contain many of these molecules.
6. DNA replication occurs in preparation for
A) mitosis, only
C) both mitosis and meiosis
B) meiosis, only
D) neither mitosis nor meiosis
B) cytosine
C) guanine
D) uracil
11. Which event would most likely cause a change in a genetic sequence in
an organism?
A)
B)
C)
D)
eating certain foods high in saturated fats
strenuous physical activity
exposure to radiation
a sudden exposure to cooler temperatures
12. A sudden change in the DNA of a chromosome can usually be passed
on to future generations if the change occurs in a
A) skin cell
C) sex cell
B) liver cell
D) brain cell
13. In the portions of the DNA molecules below, X represents the base
sequence of strand I in the original DNA molecule, and Y represents
the base sequence of strand I in the newly formed DNA molecule.
X: A–T–G–C–C–A–T–A–G
Y: A–T–G–C–C–A–A–T–G
A)
B)
C)
D)
DNA, only
Messenger RNA, only
Transfer RNA, only
DNA, messenger RNA, and transfer RNA
19. Which nucleic acid carries instructions from the nucleus to the
cytoplasm?
The base sequence in Y is an example of
A) polyploidy
C) a gene mutation
18. Which of the following nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides?
B) a chromosome deletion
D) translocation
14. What is the complementary messenger-RNA sequence for the DNA
sequence shown below?
A)
B)
C)
D)
DNA, only
Messenger RNA, only
Transfer RNA, only
DNA, messenger RNA, and transfer RNA
20. The types of enzymes produced in a cell are regulated by the
A) C-A-A-G-G-U
C) G-U-U-C-C-A
B) G-T-T-C-C-A
D) C-A-A-G-G-T
Base your answers to questions 15 and 16 on the diagram below,
which represents some components involved in cellular protein
synthesis, and on your knowledge of Biology.
A)
B)
C)
D)
order of nucleotides in DNA molecules
shape of DNA molecules
size of nucleotides in DNA molecules
location of DNA molecules
21. Genetic information is shown in the diagram below.
This type of diagram is used to
A)
B)
C)
D)
reveal chromosome disorders
determine the number of genes in a human genotype
detect sickle-cell anemia
correct the disorder known as PKU
22. The chromosomes of a person with a genetic disorder are shown in
the diagram below.
15. How many codons are located on the messenger RNA molecule in the
diagram?
A) 1
B) 6
C) 3
D) 9
16. What does Structure B represent a molecule of?
A) nuclear DNA
C) ribosomal RNA
B) cytoplasmic DNA
D) transfer RNA
17. A sequence of three nitrogenous bases in a messenger-RNA molecule
is known as a
A) codon
C) polypeptide
B) gene
D) nucleotide
This genetic disorder resulted from
A) hybridization
C) polyploidy
B) nondisjunction
D) segregation
Base your answers to questions 23 and 24 on the diagram below of a biochemical process and on your knowledge of biology.
23. Which amino acid would be transferred to the position of codon CAC?
A) leucine
B) glycine
C) valine
D) histidine
C) lysosome
D) vacuole
24. The synthesis of structure X occurred in the
A) nucleus
B) cytoplasm
Base your answers to questions 25 through 27 on the diagram below, which contains arrows representing different processes
occurring in a cell.
25. What is the product of process 3?
A) a strand of DNA
C) a strand of RNA
B) two complementary strands of DNA
D) a chain of amino acids
26. What is Process 1 known as?
A) replication
B) mutation
C) nondisjunction
D) translocation
C) 3 and 4
D) 4 and 5
27. Which processes occur in the nucleus?
A) 1 and 2
B) 2 and 3
28. Which term refers to the orderly series of events that distributes
one chromosome from each pair of homologous chromosomes in a
primary sex cell to the nucleus of a gamete?
A) mitotic cell division
C) fission
B) meiotic cell division
D) deletion
29. In humans, Down syndrome is often a result of
A) disjunction of homologous chromosomes during meiotic cell
division
B) nondisjunction of chromosome number 21 in one of the parents
C) combination of an egg and sperm, each carrying a recessive allele
for this disorder
D) fusion of two 2n gametes during fertilization
Base your answers to questions 30 and 31 on the diagram below, which represents some biochemical reactions involved in a cellular
process.
30. What is the bond labeled 5 known as?
A) a peptide bond
B) a hydrogen bond
C) an ionic bond
D) a carboxyl bond
31. What is an example of a molecule produced by this type of process?
A) glucose
B) glycogen
C) a fatty acid
32. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below of
the chromosomes from a human cell and on your knowledge of biology.
D) a protein
33. Which statement best describes the process of crossing-over?
A) It takes place between homologous chromosomes and results in
new gene combinations.
B) It takes place between nonhomologous chromosomes and results
in an increased gene mutation rate.
C) It takes place between homologous chromosomes and results in
an increased gene mutation rate.
D) It takes place between nonhomologous chromosomes and results
in new gene combinations.
34. Which change involves the loss of part of a chromosome?
A) deletion
C) base substitution
B) addition
D) gene mutation
35. Which change in chromosome structure involves the transfer of one
section of a chromosome to a nonhomologous chromosome?
The chromosomes are arranged to show
A) homologous pairs
C) independent assortment
B) tetrads
D) nucleotides
A)
B)
C)
D)
nitrogenous base substitution
translocation
crossing-over of linked genes
gene mutation
36. A change in the sequence of nitrogenous bases in DNA may result in
A) a gene mutation
C) polyploidy
B) sex linkage
D) nondisjunction
37. Base your answer to the following question on the information and chart below and on your knowledge of biology.
In DNA, a sequence of three bases is a code for the placement of a certain amino acid in a protein chain. The
table below shows some amino acids with their abbreviations and DNA codes.
Which amino acid chain would be produced by the DNA base sequence below?
C-A-A-G-T-T-A-A-A-T-T-A-T-T-G-T-G-A
A)
B)
C)
D)
Base your answers to questions 38 and 39 on the list of genetic
changes. Choose from the list below that is best described by that
statement.
A) Tay-Sachs disease
C) PKU
Genetic Changes
(1) Translocation
(2) Addition
(3) Deletion
(4) Gene mutation
B) 2
C) 3
B) sickle-cell anemia
D) Down syndrome
43. Tay-Sachs is a genetic disorder characterized by a deterioration of
the
38. A chromosomal rearrangement is formed after a section breaks off
from one chromosome and becomes attached to a nonhomologous
chromosome.
A) 1
42. Certain artificial sweeteners carry a warning label stating that they
contain large amounts of the amino acid phenylalanine. This warning is
important for individuals who have
A) circulatory system
C) excretory system
B) nervous system
D) endocrine system
44. A karyotype is shown in the diagram below.
D) 4
39. A random change in the base sequence of DNA results in an
alteration of a polypeptide.
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
40. A human genetic defect that affects a male by making him tall and
sterile with underdeveloped testes is
A) Turner's Syndrome
C) Sickle Cell Anemia
E) Klinefelter's Syndrome
B) Hemophilia
D) Phenylketonuria
41. A human genetic defect which makes an individual a short sterile
female having underdeveloped ovaries and breasts and sex
chromosomes X0 is
A) Turner's Syndrome
C) Klinefelter's Syndrome
E) Sickle Cell Anemia
B) Down's Syndrome
D) Hemophilia
Information in this karyotype indicates that the individual is a
A)
B)
C)
D)
female with sickle-cell anemia
male with Tay-Sachs disease
female with Down syndrome
male with phenylketonuria
45. Mutagenic agents are substances that
A)
B)
C)
D)
increase the rate of gene mutations
decrease the rate of gene mutations
have no effect upon the rate of gene mutations
cause gene mutations but not other chromosomal changes
46. Which statement best describes chromosomal mutations?
A) They only involve changes in the chromosome number.
B) They only involve changes in the chromosome structure.
C) They involve changes in the chromosome number or the
chromosome structure.
D) They never involve changes in the chromosome number or the
chromosome structure.
47. An analysis of chromosomes may show the loss of a portion of a
chromosome. This type of chromosomal change is known as
A) nondisjunction
C) translocation
B) an addition
D) a deletion
48. The diagram below illustrates the results of random breakage and
recombination of genetic material.
51. A single gene mutation results from
A)
B)
C)
D)
a change in a base sequence in DNA
recombination of traits
the failure of chromosomes to separate
blocked nerve messages
52. As a result of sexual reproduction, an organism can pass a gene
mutation to its offspring if the mutation occurs in
A) a body cell
C) liver tissue
B) a gamete
D) white blood cells
53. Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an
extra chromosome in the body cells of humans. This extra
chromosome occurs in a gamete as a result of
A)
B)
C)
D)
an error in the process of cloning
an error in meiotic cell division
a gene mutation
replication of a single chromosome during mitosis
54. Even though identical twins have the same genetic material, they may
develop slightly different characteristics because
A) each twin receives different chromosomes from the egg
B) one twin may only have genes from the father
C) gene expression may be influenced by factors that switch genes
on and off
D) a gene mutation may have occurred before the zygote divided
55. An inherited metabolic disorder known as phenylketonuria (PKU) is
characterized by severe mental retardation. This condition results
from the inability to synthesize a single
The process illustrated in the diagram is an example of
A) a single gene mutation
C) synapsis
B) a chromosomal alteration
D) segregation
A) enzyme
C) vitamin
Base your answers to questions 56 and 57 on the following list of
diseases. Choose the disease that best matches the statement
below.
49. A chromosomal alteration in which one or more pairs of homologous
chromosomes fail to separate normally during meiotic cell division is
known as
A) an addition
C) nondisjunction
Diseases
(1) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
(2) Sickle-cell anemia
(3) Down's syndrome
(4) Tay-Sachs disease
B) crossing-over
D) translocation
50. Which scientists developed the molecular model represented below?
B) hormone
D) carbohydrate
56. Fatty material accumulates because a specific enzyme cannot be
synthesized, causing a deterioration of the nervous system.
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
57. The formation of abnormal hemoglobin results in severe pain due to
obstructed blood vessels.
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
58. The inherited disease whereby a lack of an enzyme results in
metabolic defects, mental retardation and death around age 20 is
called
A) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
C) Viviparity
E) Klinefelter's Syndrome
B) Amniocentesis
D) Turner's Syndrome
59. Genetic variability of a population begins with
A) Mendel and Darwin
C) Lamarck and Weismann
B) Watson and Crick
D) Miller and Fox
A) gene flow
C) mutation
B) genetic drift
D) selective pressure
60. A human genetic defect which makes an individual a short sterile
female having underdeveloped ovaries and breasts, and XO for the
sex chromosomes is
A) Turner's Syndrome
C) Klinefelter's Syndrome
E) Sickle Cell Anemia
B) Down's Syndrome
D) Hemophilia
61. Which type of chromosomal mutation can be described as a mutation
where segments of two non-homologous chromosomes are exchanged?
A) Deletion
C) Translocation
E) Point
B) Duplication
D) Inversion
62. The chromosomal mutation by which the fragment reattaches to the
original chromosome, but in a reversed orientation is called a(n):
A) diversion
C) translocation
E) inversion
B) deletion
D) duplication
63. A change in the gene sequence DEFGHI... to DGFEHI... is called
A) polyploidy
C) substitution
E) inversion
B) deletion
D) frameshift mutation
64. A change in the gene sequence DWPLART... to DWPLAART... is called
A) polyploidy
C) substitution
E) inversion
B) deletion
D) frameshift mutation
65. Which of the following is a result of the defective separation of
sister chromatids during meiosis?
A) Synapsis
C) Mutation
E) Deletion
B) Nondisjunction
D) Translocation
66. Which mutation can result in a change in the reading frame?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
deletion
inversion
an adenine changing to guanine in a codon's third base
substitution
point
67. Which of the following scientists determined that DNA is the
hereditary material in viruses (bacteriophages)?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Hershey and Chase (1952)
Griffith (1928)
Watson and Crick (1953)
Morgan (1950's)
Meselson and Stahl (1950's)
Base your answers to questions 68 through 70 on the choices below.
Match the scientist to their contribution to the study of biology.
(A) Alfred Hershey & Martha Chase
(B) Rosalind Franklin
(C) George Beadle & Edward Tatum
(D) Frederick Griffith
(E) Barbara McClintock
68. Discovered that DNA is the genetic material of a bacteriophage
known as T2
69. Discovered that molecules from the dead S strain of the bacterium
Streptococcus pneumoniae had genetically transformed some of the
living R strain bacteria into S strain bacteria
70. Based the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis on the study of
nutritional mutants of Neurospora crassa, a red bread mold
71. Which of the following occurs in semiconservative DNA replication?
A) Neither strand of the parent DNA is replicated.
B) Only one strand of the double helix replicates.
C) Each strand of the double helix serves as a template for the
synthesis of its new partner.
D) Pieces of parent and daughter DNA are mixed together in the
new generation.
E) The parent duplex is left intact and an entirely new
double-stranded molecule is formed.
72. What is the function of DNA ligase?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Bind nucleotides together during transcription
Bind nucleotides together during translation
Bring together the Okazaki fragments
Unwind the double helix
Cut and rejoin the helix
73. What is the role of DNA polymerase?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Cut and rejoin the helix
Unwind the double helix into two strands
Bring together the Okazaki fragments
Bind ribonucleotides together during transcription
Bind DNA nucleotides together during transcription
74. Rosalind Franklin’s pictures of the DNA double helix were taken using
the technique known as
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
bright field microscopy
diffraction
fluorescence
transmission electron microscopy
x-ray crystallography
75. DNA replication is a semiconservative process because in the double
helix
A) there are two strands, one from the template, and a new
complementary strand
B) the template molecule remains mostly intact
C) there are four strands, each containing a mixture of old and new
DNA
D) there is only one origin of replication
E) DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of a
molecule thereby limiting mutations
76. A eukaryotic cell lacking helicase during DNA replication would
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
be incapable of proofreading the newly synthesized strand
be unable to terminate elongation
be incapable of unwinding the DNA helix
catalyze the DNA strand at incorrect locations
not seal the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand
77. All of the following are steps involved in protein synthesis EXCEPT
A) transcription
C) replication
E) translation
B) initiation
D) elongation
78. During which process do two haploid cells fuse and form a diploid
cell?
A) Fertilization
C) Blastulation
E) Budding
B) Gastrulation
D) Binary fission
79. Meiosis is involved in which of the following life cycle events?
A) Spermatogenesis
C) Cell regeneration
E) Development
B) Growth
D) The healing of wounds
80. During meiosis, crossing-over (gene exchange between chromosomes)
may occur. Crossing-over usually results in
A)
B)
C)
D)
overproduction of gametes
fertilization and development
the formation of identical offspring
variation within the species
Answer Key
Socrative Modern Genetics
1.
D
43.
B
2.
B
44.
C
3.
A
45.
A
4.
A
46.
C
5.
A
47.
D
6.
C
48.
B
7.
B
49.
C
8.
A
50.
B
9.
D
51.
A
10.
A
52.
B
11.
C
53.
B
12.
C
54.
C
13.
C
55.
A
14.
C
56.
D
15.
C
57.
B
16.
D
58.
A
17.
A
59.
C
18.
D
60.
A
19.
B
61.
C
20.
A
62.
E
21.
A
63.
E
22.
B
64.
D
23.
D
65.
B
24.
A
66.
A
25.
D
67.
A
26.
A
68.
A
27.
A
69.
D
28.
B
29.
B
70.
C
30.
A
31.
D
32.
A
33.
A
34.
A
35.
B
36.
A
37.
C
38.
A
39.
D
40.
E
41.
A
42.
C
71.
C
72.
C
73.
E
74.
E
75.
A
76.
C
77.
C
78.
A
79.
A
80.
D