Download Quarter Exam Study Guide Answer Key

Marking Period 2
Quarterly Exam Review
Mrs. Tokmajian
Cell Transport, Homeostasis,
Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration,
Mitosis
Cell Membrane
O Label the following parts of the cell membrane pictured
below: hydrophilic (attracted to water) heads, hydrophobic
(repelled by water) tails, membrane transport protein.
O
Hydrophilic head
(polar)
Hydrophobic
tails (nonpolar)
Membrane
Transport Protein
Cell Membrane
O Explain why the heads and tails either face the
watery environments or repel it. How does this
help the cell?
O The heads are polar and are attracted to water
so they face it (outside and in)
O The tails are nonpolar and repel water so they
turn against it.
O THIS ALLOWS THE CELL MEMBRANE TO BE
SEMI-PERMEABLE, ALLOWING THE PASSAGE OF
MATERIALS IN AND OUT OF THE CELL.
Cell Membrane
O Why do we call the cell membrane a fluid
mosaic model?
O The cell membrane is fluid like because the
parts that are in it move like a fluid.
O It is a mosaic because it has many pieces to
it, like a mosaic tile piece of art.
Cell Transport
Passive Transport
Active Transport
Conc. Gradient
High to Low
Low to High
Requires ATP
No
Yes
Diffusion
Yes
No
Osmosis
Yes
No
Facilitated
Diffusion
Yes
No
Endocytosis
No
Yes
Exocytosis
No
Yes
Sodium Potassium
Pump
No
Yes
Cell Transport
O Give an example of a molecule or gas that could easily diffuse
into or out of a cell. Show a simple picture of diffusion of food
coloring in a beaker of water.
O Oxygen or Carbon Dioxide
Cell Transport
O
Below is a picture of plant cells in either an isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic state. Circle the name of the
state of osmosis for each cell, and circle the description as to why the water is moving in the direction it is
moving in.
Circle One: Isotonic, Hypertonic, Hypotonic
Circle One:
A.
Water moves equally in and out because the solute concentration is equal inside the cell and outside the
cell.
B.
Water moves out of the cell and the contents inside the cell shrink because there was more water in the
cell than its surrounding environment.
C.
Water moves into the cell and the cell expands because there was more water in the surrounding
environment than there was inside the cell.
Circle One: Isotonic, Hypertonic, Hypotonic
Circle One:
A.
Water moves equally in and out because the solute concentration is equal inside the cell and outside the
cell.
B.
Water moves out of the cell and the contents inside the cell shrink because there was more water in the
cell than its surrounding environment.
C.
Water moves into the cell and the cell expands because there was more water in the surrounding
environment than there was inside the cell.
Circle One: Isotonic, Hypertonic, Hypotonic
Circle One:
A.
Water moves equally in and out because the solute concentration is equal inside the cell and outside the
cell.
B.
Water moves out of the cell and the contents inside the cell shrink because there was more water in the
cell than its surrounding environment.
C.
Water moves into the cell and the cell expands because there was more water in the surrounding
environment than there was inside the cell.
Cell Transport
O What is the same about facilitated diffusion and the
sodium potassium pump? What is different?
O
O
O Same: Both forms of transport use a protein to move
substances across the cell membrane.
O
O
O
O Different: Facilitated Diffusion is passive transport,
the Sodium Potassium Pump is active transport.
Cell Transport
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Form of active
transport
Yes
Yes
Uses a vesicle
Yes
Yes
Removes large waste No
molecules to
maintain
homeostasis
Yes
Takes in nutrients to
maintain
homeostasis
Yes
No
Helps a cell to
maintain
homeostasis
Yes
Yes
Honors
O 3 differences between active and passive
transport.
O Passive = no ATP, Active = yes needs ATP
O Passive = high to low, Active = low to hgh
O Passive = diffusion, osmosis, facilitated
diffusion, Active = endocytosis, exocytosis,
sodium potassium pump
Cell Transport
O Where are membrane protein receptors
found and how do they help with cell
transport?
O They are found in the cell membrane.
O A receptor is a protein that detects a signal
molecule and preforms an action in
response. They move needed molecules into
a cell.
Homeostasis
O What is homeostasis?
O Homeostasis is when an organism is able to
maintain a stable internal environment even
when external conditions change.
Homeostasis
O How does our body maintain homeostasis
when our body temperature is too hot?
O We sweat, this is called thermoregulation.
Thermoregulation is maintaining your proper
temperature. This is a negative feedback
loop. If we are too hot, our cells will not
function properly.
Homeostasis
O How does our body maintain homeostasis
when our body temperature is too cold?
O We shiver. Hypothermia is when your body
loses heat faster than it can produce it. Our
muscle cells shiver to try and create more
heat to warm us up.
Cell Energy
O What is the purpose of photosynthesis? What
organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
O The purpose of photosynthesis is for autotrophic
organisms to transform light energy into chemical
energy (glucose). Synthesizing food molecules.
O The organelle responsible for photosynthesis is the
chloroplast.
Cell Energy
O What are the energy changes/transformations
that happen in photosynthesis?
O Light to Chemical Energy
Cell Energy
O Explain the difference between the light
dependent reaction and light independent
reaction. Where does each reaction take place?
O The light dependent reaction takes place in the
thylakoid and uses the light to split water and
make ATP.
O The light independent reaction takes place in
the stroma and uses carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere and the ATP from the previous
reaction to make the chemical energy (glucose).
Honors
O What factors can affect the rate of
photosynthesis?
O Light intensity
O CO2 levels
O Temperature
Cell Energy
O What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
What organelle is responsible for producing
the energy in cellular respiration?
O The purpose of cellular respiration is to
change chemical energy (glucose) into
useable energy (ATP) for cellular
work/activities.
O The mitochondria is responsible for cellular
respiration.
Cell Energy
O What are the energy
changes/transformations that happen in
cellular respiration?
O Chemical Energy (glucose) to Chemical
Energy (ATP).
Cell Energy
O What is ATP used for in living things?
O ATP is adenosine triphosphate, it is an
energy carrier in living things.
O It is used by cells so that cells do their
“work”
Cell Energy
O Draw a diagram showing how energy is released
from an ATP molecule when we “use” energy
Cell Energy
O Draw a diagram showing how energy is stored
when ADP is converted into ATP.
Cell Energy
O What types of cells go through
photosynthesis
O Prokaryotes & Some Eukaryotes (Plants)
Cell Energy
O What types of cells go through cellular
respiration?
O All living things go through cellular
respiration (Both Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes).
Cell Energy
O What are the inputs of photosynthesis? The
outputs?
Cell Energy
O What are the inputs of cellular respiration?
The outputs?
Cell Energy
O Refer to your previous two answers: How do
photosynthesis and cellular respiration form
a cycle?
Cell Energy
O What is similar about the energy transfers in
photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
O Both processes store energy in chemical
bonds.
Honors
O What are the 2 forms of anaerobic
respiration that we learned about and what
are the products of each?
O Lactic Acid Fermentation: lactic acid and 2
ATP
O Alcoholic Fermentation: ethyl alcohol, CO2,
and 2 ATP.
Mitosis
O What does G1 stand for, what happens to a
cell in G1?
O Gap One
O The cell grows, replicates its organelles.
Mitosis
O What does S stand for, what happens to a
cell in S?
O Synthesis
O DNA is replicated (copied)
Mitosis
O What does G2 stand for, what happens to a
cell in G2?
O Gap Two
O The cell grows more and goes through a
final checkpoint.
Mitosis
O What three parts make up Interphase?
O Gap One
O Synthesis
O Gap Two
Mitosis
O What does M stand for, what happens to a
cell in M?
O Mitosis
O The contents of the nucleus divide in 4
phases (prophase, metaphase, anaphase,
telophase). PMAT
Mitosis
O What is the second part of the M phase
before a cell goes back into Interphase?
O Cytokinesis
Mitosis
O Why are there 2 genetically identical cells
drawn after cytokinesis?
O Mitosis produces 2 genetically identical
cells.
Mitosis
O Why does cytokinesis need to happen?
O Because the cell would be too large if it
didn’t split and there would be one cell with
2 nuclei and too many chromosomes.
Mitosis
O If the original somatic cell had 36
chromosomes in it, how many chromosomes
would be in the resulting somatic cells?
Draw a picture to show this.
O 36
36
36
36