Download Individual Identification

Individual
Identification
Shurong Zhong (PhD, Associate Pf.)
Department of Forensic Biology, KMMU
Cell Phone: 18213823198
E-mail: [email protected]
Graduated from Kunming Institute of Zoology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences , July 2005
Got PhD degree, March 2006
Joined School of Forensic Medicine, KMMU, 2006
Studied at Cornell University Jan. 2010-Jan. 2011
Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology
Teaching
Scientific Research
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome
Candidate Genes
Scientific Projects
•
Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (81000577) (Principal Investigator)
Title: Study of pharmacodynamic gene and treatment for alcohol dependence in Yunnan Yi and Miao
populations.
•
Yunnan Natural Science Foundation (2009CD080) (Principal Investigator)
Title: Association analyses of genetic polymorphisms of alcohol metabolism related genes with alcohol
dependence syndrome in Yi and Miao minority populations in Yunnan province.
•
Yunnan Natural Science Foundation (2007C223M) (Principal Investigator)
Title: Association analyses of genetic polymorphisms of DRD2, DRD4 and COMT with alcohol dependence
syndrome in Yunnan Han population.
•
Yunnan Natural Science Foundation (2009CD211) (Co-Investigator)
Title: Association analyses of genetic polymorphisms of pharmacodynamics genes with alcohol
dependence syndrome and Personalized Medicines.
•
Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (30960115) (Co-Investigator)
Title: The selection of sensitive genotype for drinking behaviour and alcohol abuse and research of
genetic features.
•
Yunnan Educational Scientific Research Foundation (07Z10336) (Co-Investigator)
Title: Association analyses of genetic polymorphisms of COMT and CYP2E1 with alcohol dependence
syndrome in Yunnan Han population.
Judicial Identification
Individual Identification
Paternity Testing
Lynda Mann was sexually
assaulted and murdered
November 21, 1983
Dawn Ashworth was sexually
assaulted and murdered
July 31, 1986
Narborough, Leicestershire, England, United Kingdom
Narborough, Leicestershire, England, United Kingdom
Only semen were collected from both murder scenes.
Alec Jeffreys
Professor
University of Leicester
1984，Jeffreys developed a new
technique, which is called RFLP.
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
No person's DNA profile is
the same except for identical
twins.
So it is called DNA fingerprint.
A powerful crime solving tool.
Crime Victims can be
Identified and Crime Scenes
can be Linked through DNA
Fingerprint.
DNA fingerprint
Using DNA Fingerprint
• November 1986, 17-year-old Richard John
Buckland was innocent of both murders.
• The tests did prove conclusively that the
crimes were committed by the same person.
• September 1987, “mass screening” of all
eligible males in the village (4,583 persons).
DNA testing for a murder investigation, 1987.
(Magnum Photos)
Colin Pitchfork
Sentenced to life imprisonment
on January 23, 1988
Colin Pitchfork – the first man to be convicted
using DNA evidence.
Individual Identification
Using DNA Typing
Content
1. What is Individual Identification?
2. How to conduct Individual
Identification?
3. Typical cases
4. New Technique
1. What is Individual Identification?
Individual/Personal Identification Theory
To analyze genetic markers of biological
samples collected from individual or crime
scene to determine whether biological
samples were identical or not.
Biological samples from
crime scenes
Samples of suspects / Victims
Suspicious
Semen
RFLP
"Samples" and "sample" to compare
Suspect
Application of Individual Identification
(1). Criminal Cases
Suicide
Homicide
Victim
Murder
Manslaughter
Excusable homicide
Justifiable Homicide
Suspect
?
Putting pieces back together
(2). Traffic Accident
Accident Scene Investigation
Victim
Driver
(3). Mass Disaster Investigations
2004
Indian Ocean
Tsunami
2001 “911”, New York
2008 Wenchuan Earthquake
Bombing Case
(4). Others
Paraffin-embedded
Sections
Bone Marrow
Transplantation
2. How to conduct Individual Identification?
1
6
Collect Biological
Evidence
Conclusion
5
2
DNA Extraction
Analyze Raw Data
3
4
PCR Amplification
Capillary
Electrophoresis
Process of DNA Typing
1
What are Biological Evidence?
Blood
Semen
Saliva
Teeth
Bone
Urine
Soft Tissue
Hair (w/Root &Shaft)
Common Biological Evidence
1
What are Biological Evidence?
Cigarette Butts
Envelope & Stamps
Fingerprint residues
Fingernail Clippings
Chewing Gum
Bite Marks
Sweat/Tears
Feces
Trace Biological Evidence
Touching DNA
1
What are Biological Evidence?
Animal Material
Plant Material
Insects
Bacterial/Fungal
Non-human Biological Evidence
2
DNA Extraction
SDS
TES
Protease K
3
PCR amplification
RFLP Limitations
• needs g amounts of DNA
• DNA needs to be pure
• assay time: several days to > week
Multiplex PCR
4
Capillary Electrophoresis
5
Analyze Raw Data
Suspect 1
Suspect 2
Evidence
Crime Scene - Two Suspects
6
Conclusion
Suspicious Semen
Colin Pitchfork
The semen taken from both murder scenes
were from Colin Pitchfork.
3. Typical cases
Case 1: Sexual scandal between
Monica Lewinsky and Bill Clinton
1998, Recorded phone calls
(between Lewinsky and a close friend)
李昌钰 Henry Chang-Yu Lee
The world's foremost forensic scientists.
DNA analyses of semen stains on
a dress worn by Monica Lewinsky
match DNA from a blood sample
taken from ex-president Bill
Clinton.
Clinton confessed his affair with miss Monica at last.
Bill Clinton – the worst victim of DNA evidence.
Case 2
Suspect A and his blood sample
Results
Conclusion
• DNA analyses of a blood stain on the air
bag did not match DNA from a blood
sample taken from suspect A.
• The blood stain on the air bag was not
from suspect A.
Case 3
Li XX and his blood sample
• DNA analyses of hair in the glass did match
DNA from a blood sample taken from Li XX.
• Was the hair in the glass from Li XX?
We can not answer it yet.
Still need to calculate……
• Random Match Probability
• Likelihood Ratio (LR)
Pr（E Hp）
LR=
Pr（E Hd）
LR=1/P(X)=1/Pm
Conclusion
• DNA analyses of hair on the glass did
match DNA from a blood sample taken
from Li XX.
• The hair in the glass was from Li XX.
4. New Technique
Interpol – General Secretariat
Interpol’s Databases and Services
Child Pornography Images
Cocaine Logos
Counterfeit Currencies
Criminal Names
DNA
Fingerprints
Payment Cards
Stolen Travel Documents
Stolen Vehicles
Stolen Works of Art
Weapons and Explosives
Command & Coordination
Criminal Analysis
Disaster Victim
Identification
Financial & High-tech
Crime
Fugitive Investigations
Organized Crime & Drugs
Public Safety & Terrorism
Regional Support
Trafficking in Human
Beings
DNA Database:
International Development
Vic, Qld, Holland, Austria
SA, NT, USA, Germany
Cth, NSW, Tas, ACT
Switzerland, Denmark, Belgium,
France, RSA, Hong Kong
WA, Botswana, Peru, Jordan,
Venezuela, Qatar, Syria, Cyprus,
Tunisia, Croatia, Italy, Thailand,
Iceland, Ukraine, Greece…
2002
2001
2000
1998
1997
NZ
1996
UK
1994
1989
Virginia (USA)
DNA Database in China
数据库
数据库
DNA数据库
National
Database
国家库
接口
国家库用户
Provincial
Database
省级库
其他系统
数据库
数据库
DNA数据库
省级库用户
省级库用户
省级系统
Municipal
Database
市级库
市级系统
……
省级系统
数据库
数据库
DNA数据库
市级库用户
数据库
数据库
DNA数据库
数据库
数据库
DNA数据库
市级库用户
市级系统
……
DNA Data Protection Considerations
Country A
Country B
Country C
DNA Information Security Considerations
Interpol DNA Database Concept
Profile
Standardized
exchange
I-24/7
National
differences
data ownership
data protection
data
Confidentiality
China and Interpol
China provides information to
Interpol’s databases:
Criminal Names and Investigations
Stolen Travel Documents
Stolen Motor Vehicles
Stolen Works of Art
Fingerprints
DNA
Miniaturisation:
Rapid, Portable Analysis
• Example: Agilent Technologies BA2100 instrument
– 12-channel micro-CE device
• Challenge: Is it able to type standard forensic DNA markers?
• Obvious advantages:
– Significantly reduced run times than current CE techniques
• Potential screening technique for multiple-stain cases, decrease DNA backlogs
– Potential for portability – DNA typing at the scene
• Notable disadvantage:
– Poor separation capacity at present
SNP Technique
Using HIrisPlex Tech to predict looks
Gene expert detective in Germany—— Manfred Kayser
Skin Color
Eye Color
Ethnic Group
Height
Weight
Age
Looks
MARTIN ENSERINK. (2011) Can This DNA Sleuth Help Catch Criminals?
Science, 331:838-840.
Questions：
1.What is Individual Identification?
2.How to conduct Individual Identification?