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Translation protein synthesis, part 2 Translation ● Converts mRNA from transcription into protein (polypeptide) ● Codon- a sequence of 3 RNA nucleotides that code for an amino acid ○ there are 20 amino acids in our body ○ amino acid- monomer of protein RNA Codon Chart ● Shows the amino acid made from each codon ● one “start codon” (AUG)codes for methionine, starts translation ● three “stop codons” signal the end of a protein chain RNA Codon Chart RNA Codon Chart Transfer RNA (tRNA) ● Contains an anticodon3 nucleotide RNA segment that is complementary to a codon ● Contains an amino acid Ribosome ● Made of rRNA and proteins ● Consists of 2 subunits ○ small- holds on to mRNA ○ large- holds on to growing protein Translation Process ● Translation starts at the mRNA codon AUG ● tRNA with an anticodon of UAC bonds with the codon in a ribosome ● The amino acid methionine is released from the tRNA Translation Process STEPS ● Exposed codon attracts complementary tRNA Translation Process ● Ribosome forms a peptide bond between the 2 amino acids and breaks bond between amino acid and tRNA Translation Process ● Ribosome pulls the mRNA one codonlength ● The 1st tRNA leaves the ribosome Translation Process ● Another complementary tRNA pairs with the next codon and repeats the same steps ● Process continues until a stop codon is reached ● The protein is released and the ribosome falls apart Translation Analogy ● Restaurant ○ My burger order went to the kitchen on a piece of paper ○ The DNA message goes to the ribosome in the form of mRNA Translation Analogy ● Restaurant ○ A cook reads the paper and gathers ingredients to make a burger ○ A ribosome reads the mRNA and assembles the amino acids to make a protein