Download ENGLISH FOR MAJOR

전공 영어
ENGLISH FOR MAJOR
1
목차
• 서론
 강의 개요
 영어의 특성
• 독해 및 어휘
 생물 일반 및 번식
 유전 및 유전공학
 시사 및 일반 상식
• Communication
 생활영어 및 프리젠테이션
 Job interview
• Writing
 일반서신, 이력서, 자기소개서, 추천서 등
2
서론
 전공영어의 정의 및 필요성
 강의의 목표 및 구성
 영어의 특성
• 영어의 형성 과정
• 영미어의 차이
 발음, 철자, 용어, 전치사
• 전공영어 공부에 필요한 어휘
 총 어휘 수, 접두사와 접미사
• 영어의 조기 교육
3
전공영어의 정의 및 필요성
 전공영어(English for major course works)란
전공 (생명공학)을 공부하고 취업에 대비하는
데 필요한 영어라 할 수 있는데
• 국제화 시대에서 생명공학 분야의 경쟁에서
남보다 앞서기 위해서는
 한국어(로 된 서적)만으로 전공공부를 하는
데에는 한계가 있으므로 세계적 석학이 영문
으로 저술한 전공 서적이나 석학의 강연을 이
해하는 능력이 필요하다
• 졸업 후 안정된 직장에 취업을 하기 위해서는
 자신의 능력이나 생각을 영어로 표현하고
 영어로 문서를 작성하는 능력의 배양이 필요
4
영문 독해의 key point
• 미국이나 영국의 문화 및 사고 방식을 이해해야 한다
• 문장의 5형식을 파악해야 함
• Be, have, get, make, take 등의 단어로 구성된 숙어는
상징적 의미를 포함한 여러 가지 의미가 있음
• 지시대명사를 명확히 파악해야 하고 관계대명사(부사)
의 선행사, to 부정사의 수식어 등을 정확히 파악해야
하며
• 분사구문에서 생략된 접속사와 주어를 알아야 하고 도
치된 문장의 올바른 순서를 파악해야 하며
• 전문용어의 정확한 의미를 알아야 함
 특수 용어, 전문 용어
 여러 가지 의미를 가진 단어
5
강의의 목표
전공 공부와 취업에 필요한 영어 능력 배양
전공 원서의 해석을 위한 전문용어의 이해
및 구문 해석
 일괄성 있는 영어의 표현 능력 배양
 자기 소개, 간단한 생활 영어, 프레젠테이
션 등 영어로 자기 의사전달 능력 개발
 일반 서신, 이력서, 자기 소개서 등 작성
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강의의 구성
서론
READING
강의 개요
영어의 특성
전공서적
일반서적
신문잡지
전문 학술지
WRITING
자기소개서
이력서
추천서
일반서신
COMMUNICATION
프리젠테이션
Job interview
생활영어
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English Language의 형성과정
English is an Indo-European language of the Germanic (red)
branch that has evolved over the past fifteen hundred years
primarily through three somewhat distinct periods:
Old English
Middle English
English
Modern
8
The English language is made up mainly of
elements of Latin, French, and Germanic
languages(2011.7)
9
영어에 영향을 준 언어
• 영어의 형성에는 전쟁과 교류를 통해 지리적,
문화적 인접국의 영향을 받아 형성되었으며
최근에는 영어를 사용하는 나라 사이에 문화
적 차이로 약간씩 차이가 나타나고 있음
 셀틱어: 원주민 사용언어
 라틴어: 로마의 지배
 독일어: 게르만족의 지배
 프랑스,그리스어: 지배 및 지리적 인접
 영연방국 언어: 캐나다, 호주, 인도
 미국어: 미국 및 미국의 지배국
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영어와 미국식 영어의 차이
• 영국식 영어와 미국식 영어 사이에는
철자, 용어, 전치사 및 시제 사이에 약간의
차이가 있으며
단어의 발음과 사투리에도 차이가 있다
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Spelling의 차이
AMERICAN – “-or”
BRITISH – “-our”
Color
Colour
Honor
Honour
Favorite
favourite
AMERICAN – “-ze”
BRITISH – “-se”
Analyze
Analyse
Criticize
Criticise
Memorize
Memorise
AMERICAN – “-ll”
BRITISH – “-l”
Enrollment
Enrolment
Fulfill
Fulfil
Skillful
skilful
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Vocabulary 차이
AMERICAN
BRITISH
Apartment
Flat
Argument
Row
Carriage/coach
Pram
Bathroom
Loo
Can
Tin
Cookie
Biscuit
Diaper
Nappy
Elevator
Lift
Eraser
Rubber
Flashlight
Torch
Fries
Chips
Gas
Petrol
Guy
Bloke/chap
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미국인의 어휘
구분
사용어휘
5-6세
16세
총 (인지) 어휘
2,500-5,000
(1년에 3,000단어씩 증가)
10,000-12,000
35,000-40,000
고졸
45,000
일반인 평균
50,000
대학졸업생
연어 구사 능력이
훌륭한 연사
20,000-25,000
135,000 (표제어 기준이며 실제로
는 이보다 수배 많다)
30,000
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A prefix is a word part added to the beginning of a
root word.
A suffix is a word part added to
the end of a root word.
A base word is a word in its simplest form. A base
word has nothing added to it.
Examples:
Do, Heat, Write, Read, Pack
Pre fix
life
antibody
biology
against
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study
biology
hydrolysis
breakdown
Suf fix
READING & vocabulary
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생물 일반 및 번식
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Biology
• Biology is a natural science concerned
with the study of life and living organism,
including their structure, function, growth,
origin, evolution, distribution, and
taxonomy.(분류)
• Biology is a vast subject containing many
subdivisions, topics, and disciplines.
20
Cell
• Body is made up of millions of tiny
structural units called cells
• Nucleus- gives cell ability to grow, to digest
food and to divide, contains chromosomes
composed of genes
• Cytoplasm- gives the cell shape and contains
components necessary for cell functions
• Cell membrane- outside of cell
21
Surfaces (Most Animals)
DORSAL
POSTERIOR
ANTERIOR
Dorsal – back or upper surface
Ventral – belly or lower
surface
Anterior – head or front end
Posterior – tail or hind end
opposite the head
VENTRAL
22
Amphibians & Reptiles
•




Amphibians
Are cold-blooded.
Lay eggs.
Have a smooth, moist skin.
Are able to live on land as
well as in the water.
• Reptiles
 Are cold-blooded.
 Lay eggs.
 Have a dry skin covered
with scales.(비늘)
23
Birds & Fish
• Bird
 Have feathers.
 Lay eggs.
 Are warm-blooded.
• Fish
 Are cold-blooded.
 Lay eggs (but some do
give birth to live
young).
 Have a moist skin
covered in scales.
 Breathe through gills.
24
Mammals
• Give birth to live
young.
• Feed their babies
with their own milk.
• Are more or less
covered with hair.
• Are warm-blooded.
25
Types of Digestive Systems
Monogastrics
Chickens
Pigs
Turkeys
Dogs
Ruminants
Beef Cattle
Goats
Dairy
Cattle
Sheep
Cats
Deer
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Terms on animals
female
animal
adjective
baby
male
parturition
castrate
virgin
adult
meat
intact
d
Steer
cattle
bovine
calf
calving
heifer
cow
bull
beef
bullock
pig
porcine
piglet
farrowing
gilt
sow
boar
barrow
pork
sheep
ovine
lamb
lambing
ewe
ewe
ram
wether
mutton
horse
horse
equine
foal
foaling
filly
mare
stallion
gelding
meat
goat
caprine
kid
Doe
Buck
nanny
billy
kidding
goat
wether
fawn/
deer
cervine
veniso
fawning
calf
meat
doe/hind
buck /stag
n
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Anatomy of human body
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Reproduction
• Reproduction is the biological process
by which new "offspring" individual
organisms are produced from their
"parents".
• Reproduction is a fundamental feature of
all known life; each individual organism
exists as the result of reproduction.
29
Female Reproductive System
Uterine tube
*
*
A
B
Uterus
C
Ovary
Vagina
30
Gametogenesis
• Gametogenesis – the production of
gametes.
– Spermatogenesis – each primary
spermatocyte divides to form 4 sperm.
– Oogenesis – each primary oocyte divides to
form 1 ovum and 2-3 polar bodies.
• In oogenesis, cytokinesis is unequal, most of the
cytoplasm goes to one daughter cell which
becomes the ovum. The other cells, polar bodies,
degenerate.
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ovulation
• Ovulation is the process in a female's
menstrual cycle by which a mature ovarian
follicle ruptures and discharges an ovum
(also known as an oocyte, female gamete,
or casually, an egg).
• Ovulation also occurs in the estrus of other
female mammals, which differs in many
fundamental ways from the menstrual cycle.
• The time immediately surrounding
ovulation is referred to as the ovulatory
phase or the periovulatory period.
32
Corpus luteum, CL
• The corpus luteum (Latin for "yellow body")
(plural corpora lutea) is a temporary
endocrine structure in mammals, involved
in production of estrogen and progestogen,
which is needed to maintain the
endometrium.
• The corpus luteum develops from an
ovarian follicle during the luteal phase of
the menstrual cycle or estrous cycle,
following the release of a secondary oocyte
from the follicle during ovulation.
33
Luteolysis
• Luteolysis is the process by which the corpus
luteum loses its capacity to synthesize and
secrete progesterone.
• A luteolytic agent is any factor that can
reduce luteal progesterone synthesis or
secretion and/or prevent the action of a
luteotrophic hormone.
34
Estrous Cycle
• The estrous cycle (also oestrous cycle; derived
from Latin oestrus and originally from Greek
meaning sexual desire) comprises the recurring
physiologic changes that are induced by
reproductive hormones in most mammalian
placental females.
• Comprise구성하다
• Estrous cycles start after puberty in sexually
mature females and are interrupted by anestrous
phases or pregnancies.
• Typically estrous cycles continue until death.
35
Semen
• Semen is an organic fluid, also known as
seminal fluid, that may contain spermatozoa.
• Contains
– 300-500 million sperm
– Sperm food
– pH buffers
• Allows sperm to survive for a couple of days
inside female’s body (hostile environment)
36
Capacitation
• Mammalian sperm are not able to fertilize eggs
immediately after ejaculation. They acquire fertil
ization capacity after residing in the female trac
t for a finite period of time.
• Capacitation is a process that sperm undergo
as they travel through the uterine tube.
• Capacitation enables the sperm to penetrate
the egg. Sperm that have not been capacitated
in the uterine tube cannot fertilize ova.
37
fertilization
• Human fertilization is the union of a human
egg and sperm, usually occurring in the
ampulla of the uterine tube. It is also the
initiation of prenatal development.
• Fertilization has three functions:
 transmission of genes from both parents to
offspring
 restoration of the diploid number of
chromosomes reduced during meiosis
 initiation of development in offspring
38
cleavage
• Cleavage is the first step in development
of ALL multicelled organisms.
• Cleavage converts a single-celled zygote
into a multicelled embryo by mitosis.
• Usually, the zygotic cytoplasm is divided
among the newly formed cells.
• Frog embryos divide to produce 37,000
cells in a little over 40 hours.
39
blastocyst
• The blastocyst is a structure formed in the early
embryogenesis of mammals, after the formation of
the morula. It possesses an inner cell mass (ICM), or
embryoblast(배아모체), which subsequently forms the
embryo, and an outer layer of cells, or trobhoblast,
which later forms the placenta.
• The trophoblast surrounds the inner cell mass and a
fluid-filled blastocyst cavity known as the blastocoele.
The human blastocyst comprises 70-100 cells.
• Blastocyst formation begins at day 5 after fertilization
in humans, when the blastocoele opens up in the
morula.
40
ICM
• the inner cell mass (abbreviated ICM) is the
mass of cells inside the primordial embryo
that will eventually give rise to the
definitive structures of the fetus.
• This structure forms in the earliest steps of
development, before implantation into the
endometrium of the uterus has occurred.
• The ICM lies within the blastocoele (more
correctly termed "blastocyst cavity,“ and is
entirely surrounded by the single layer of
cells called trophoblast.
41
Embryogenesis
• Embryogenesis is the process by which the
embryo is formed and develops.
• It starts with the fertilization of the ovum, eg
g, which, after fertilization, is then called a zy
gote.
• The zygote undergoes rapid mitotic divisions,
the formation of two exact genetic replicates
of the original cell, with no significant growth
(a process known as cleavage) and cellular di
fferentiation, leading to development of an e
mbryo.
42
Gastrulation
• Gastrulation is a phase early in the development
of animal embryos, during which the
morphology of the embryo is dramatically
restructured by cell migration.
• Gastrulation is followed by organogenesis, when
individual organs develop within the newly
formed germ layers.
• The purpose of gastrulation is to position the 3
embryonic germ layers, the endoderm, ectoderm
and mesoderm.
• Gastrulation 장배형성 germ layers 배엽(胚葉)
position 자리잡다
43
Implantation
• Implantation is an event that occurs early
in pregnancy in which the embryo
adheres to the wall of uterus.
• At this stage of prenatal development,
the embryo is a blastocyst.
• It is by this adhesion that the fetus
receives the oxygen and the nutrients
from the mother to be able to grow.
44
placenta
• The placenta is an organ that connects the
developing fetus to the uterine wall to
allow nutrient uptake, waste elimination,
and gas exchange via the mother's blood
supply.
• The placenta begins to develop upon
implantation of the blastocyst into the
maternal endometrium. The outer layer of
the blastocyst becomes the trophoblast
which forms the outer layer of the placenta.
45
Pheromone
• A pheromone is a secreted or excreted chemical
factor that triggers a social response in members
of the same species.
• In 1970, Martha McClintock, a junior at Wellesley,
noticed that women who live together or spend
a lot of time with each other have converging(수
렴되다) menstrual cycles.
• She postulated that pheromones released from
the women’s skin glands into the environment
were the catalysts of the observed
synchronization. That is, women’s unique
chemicals affected the physiology of others.
46
Hormone
• Hormones are chemical substances
produced by endocrine (ductless) glands
located in different regions of the body
which travel to target tissues where they
have their effect.
• A hormone is a chemical released by a cell
or a gland in one part of the body that
sends out messages that affect cells in
other parts of the organism.
• Only a small amount of hormone is
required to alter cell metabolism.
47
Seasonal breeders
• Seasonal breeders are animal species that
successfully mate only during certain times of the
year. These times of year allow for the births at a
time optimal for the survival of the young in terms
of factors such as ambient temperature, food and
water availability, and even changes in the predation
behaviors of other species.
• Ambient 주변의
• Related sexual interest and behaviors are expressed
and accepted only during this period. Female
seasonal breeders will have one or more estrus
cycles only when she is "in season" or fertile and
receptive to mating. At other times of the year, they
will be anestrus.
48
Assisted reproductive
technologies (ART)
• Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is a general
term referring to methods used to achieve
pregnancy by artificial or partially artificial means. It
is reproductive technology used primarily in
infertility treatments.
• Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have
enabled millions of people in the world to have
biological children who otherwise would not have
been able to do so.
• According to the European Society for Human
Reproduction and Embryology, more than three
million babies have been born using ART worldwide
in the last 30 years.
49
유전 및 유전공학
50
Genetics
• Genetics is the study of the inheritance of
characteristics.
• The things that influence an organism's
characteristics are external factors, such as
the environment, internal factors, which
are called genes, and their interactions.
• Genes are made of DNA, or RNA in some
viruses
51
Gregor Mendel
• Between 1856 and 1863 Mendel cultivated and tested some
29,000 pea plants. This study showed that one in four pea plants
had purebred recessive alleles, two out of four were hybrid and
one out of four were purebred dominant.
• His experiments led him to make two generalizations, the Law of
Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment, which later
became known as Mendel's Laws of Inheritance.
• Mendel did read his paper, Experiments on Plant Hybridization, at
two meetings of the Natural History Society of Brünn in Moravia
in 1865. When Mendel's paper was published in 1866 in
Proceedings of the Natural History Society of Brünn, it had little
impact and was cited about three times over the next thirty-five
years.
52
Why was Mendel
so successful?
• Preliminary investigations were carried out
to obtain familiarity with the experimental
organism.
• All experiments were carefully planned.
• Meticulous care was taken in carrying out
all techniques.
• Accurate records were kept of all the results.
• Sufficient data were obtained to have
statistical significance.
53
What did Mendel conclude?
• Inheritance is determined by factors
passed on from one generation to
another.
• The ‘factors” that Mendel mentioned
were the genes.
• Mendel knew nothing about
chromosomes, genes, or DNA. Why?
• These terms hadn’t yet been defined.
54
DNA
• Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that co
ntains the genetic instructions used in the developm
ent and functioning of all known living organisms an
d some viruses.
• The main role of DNA molecules is the long-term st
orage of information. DNA is often compared to a s
et of blueprints or a recipe, or a code, since it contai
ns the instructions needed to construct other compo
nents of cells, such as proteins and RNA molecules.
• The DNA segments that carry this genetic informatio
n are called genes, but other DNA sequences have s
tructural purposes, or are involved in regulating the
use of this genetic information
55
Genetic Information
• Gene – basic unit of genetic
information. Genes determine the
inherited characters.
• Genome – the collection of
genetic information.
• Chromosomes – storage units of
genes.
• DNA - is a nucleic acid that
contains the genetic instructions
specifying the biological
development of all cellular forms
of life
56
Genotype & Phenotype
• The phenotype is the physical appearance
of the animal and the genotype is the
genetic make up of the animal.
• Both the environment and the genetic
make up affect the physical appearance of
the animal.
• The expression of a genotype is termed a
phenotype.
57
What is a PUNNETT SQUARE?
• A tool to predict the probability of
certain traits in offspring that shows
the different ways alleles can combine
• A way to show phenotype & genotype
• A chart that shows all the possible
combinations of alleles that can result
when genes are crossed
58
Haploid & Diploid
• Haploid:
containing
one copy of
each
chromosome
(n=23)
Sperm
B
Eggs
b
• Diploid:
containing two
copies of each
chromosome
(2n=46)
B BB Bb
b
Bb bb
59
Dominant vs. Recessive
A dominant allele is
expressed even if it is paired
with a recessive allele.
A recessive allele is only
visible when paired with
another recessive allele.
60
Incomplete dominance
• Incomplete dominance is a form of
intermediate inheritance in which one allele
for a specific trait is not completely
dominant over the other allele. This results
in a combined phenotype.
• Co-dominance occurs when the
contributions of both alleles are visible in
the phenotype. In the ABO example, the IA
and IB alleles are co-dominant in producing
the AB blood group phenotype, in which
both A- and B-type antigens are made
61
Sex-Linked Characteristics
• Some traits are carried on only the X chromosome
and some on only the Y chromosome.
– Traits on the Y chromosome are transmitted
only from fathers to sons
• Certain genes are expressed in only one sex
although they are carried by both sexes
– milk production
– egg laying
– rooster tail feathers
• Sex-linked traits are often recessive and are
covered by dominant genes
62
Epistatis 상위성 작용
• Epistasis is the phenomenon where the effects
of one gene are modified by one or several
other genes, which are sometimes called
modifier genes. The gene whose phenotype is
expressed is said to be epistatic, while the
phenotype altered or suppressed is said to be
hypostatic.
• 하위의 epistatic 상위의 hypostatic. 하위의
• Epistasis can be contrasted with dominance,
which is an interaction between alleles at the
same gene locus. Epistasis is often studied in
relation to Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) and
polygenic inheritance.
63
Quantitative genetics
• The study of continuous traits (such as
height or weight) and its underlying
mechanisms.
• It is an extension of simple Mendelian
inheritance in that the combined effect
of the many underlying genes results in
a continuous distribution of phenotypic
values.
64
Animal breeding
• Animal breeding is a branch of animal science that
addresses the evaluation (using best linear unbiased
prediction and other methods) of the genetic value
(estimated breeding value, EBV) of domestic livestock.
 Address: 다루다, 주소, 연설
• Selecting animals for breeding with superior EBV in growth
rate, egg, meat, milk, or wool production has revolutionized
agricultural livestock production throughout the world.
• The scientific theory of animal breeding incorporates
population genetics, quantitative genetics and statistics, and
is based on the pioneering work of Sewall Wright, Jay Lush,
and Charles Henderson.
 Incorporates: 포함하다, 끼워 넣다, 통합하다, 회사로 만들다
 Pioneering: 개척의, 선구의
65
Additive & Non-additive
Genetics
 Additive
• These are the genetic effects that get passed from
one generation to the next.
• This is each gene’s influence independent of other
genes and the environment.
 Non-additive
• There are a group of genetic effects that are not
independent of other effects
• This group of genetic effects which influences a trait
cannot be simply added together and thus the
entire group is referred to as non-additive genetic
effects.
• These include such effects as dominance, genetic
and environmental interactions.
66
Natural Selection
• In nature, genetics are passed on through
the process of natural selection.
• The strongest, healthiest, most powerful
animal generally spreads its genetics.
• Animals that are weak may have a poor
immune system and are diseased, or may
have conformation problems.
• Generally these animals do not survive long
enough to pass on their genetics.
67
Inbreeding
• Production of progeny from closely
related parents. Inbreeding increases the
number of homozygous gene pairs and
decreases the number of heterozygous
gene pairs.
• Inbreeding increases prepotency and the
expression of undesirable recessive
genes.
68
Gene Expression Control
• All somatic cells in an organism are
genetically identical
– Cells differentiate by gene expression
• Gene expression is collectively controlled
through transcriptional regulation
– Main control: Gene transcribed into mRNA
– Additional controls: Posttranscriptional,
translational and posttranslational
69
Exon & intron
An exon is a DNA region
within a gene that is translated
into protein.
An intron is a DNA
region within a gene
that is not translated
into protein.
70
Transcription & translation
• DNA transcription is a process that involves the tran
scribing of genetic information from DNA to RNA.
• Translation is the first stage of protein biosynthesis (
part of the overall process of gene expression). Trans
lation is the production of proteins by decoding mR
NA produced in transcription.
• Translation occurs in the cytoplasm where the riboso
mes are located.
• Many types of transcribed RNA, such as transfer RN
A, ribosomal RNA, and small nuclear RNA are not ne
cessarily translated into an amino acid sequence.
71
Central dogma
• The central dogma of molecular biology was
first used by Francis Crick in 1958 and re-stat
ed in a Nature paper published in 1970.
• The central dogma of molecular biology deal
s with the detailed transfer of sequential info
rmation.
• It states that information cannot be transferr
ed back from protein to either protein or nuc
leic acid.
• In other words, 'once information gets into p
rotein, it can't flow back to nucleic acid.'
72
DNA repair
• DNA repair refers to a collection of processes by whi
ch a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA
molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, b
oth normal metabolic activities and environmental fa
ctors such as UV light and Radiation can cause DNA
damage, resulting in as many as 1 million individual
molecular lesions per cell per day.
• Many of these lesions cause structural damage to th
e DNA molecule and can alter or eliminate the cell's
ability to transcribe the gene that the affected DNA
encodes.
• Consequently, the DNA repair process is constantly a
ctive as it responds to damage in the DNA structure.
73
Genetic engineering
• Since genetic engineering refers
essentially to the in vitro manipulation of
DNA, its application requires the ability
to chemically isolate DNA from
organisms.
• This is accomplished in three slightly
different ways depending on the desired
product.
74
Plasmid
• A plasmid is an extra-chromosomal DNA
molecule separate from the
chromosomal DNA which is capable of
replicating independently of the
chromosomal DNA.
• In many cases, it is circular and doublestranded. Plasmids usually occur
naturally in bacteria.
75
Recombinant DNA
• Recombinant DNA is a form of DNA that does not e
xist naturally, which is created by combining DNA se
quences that would not normally occur together.
• In terms of genetic modification, recombinant DNA (
rDNA) is introduced through the addition of relevant
DNA into an existing organismal DNA, such as the p
lasmids of bacteria, to code for or alter different trait
s for a specific purpose, such as antibiotic resistance.
• It differs from genetic recombination, in that it does
not occur through processes within the cell, but is e
ngineered. A recombinant protein is protein that is d
erived from recombinant DNA.
76
DNA sequencing
• The term DNA sequencing refers to sequencing met
hods for determining the order of the nucleotide ba
ses—adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine—in a
molecule of DNA.
• Knowledge of DNA sequences has become indispen
sable for basic biological research, other research br
anches utilizing DNA sequencing, and in numerous a
pplied fields such as diagnostic, or biotechnology.
• The advent of DNA sequencing has significantly acce
lerated biological research and discovery. The rapid s
peed of sequencing attained with modern DNA sequ
encing technology has been instrumental in the seq
uencing of the human genome.
77
DNA Cloning
DNA cloning involves separating a specific
gene or segment of DNA from its larger ch
romosome and attaching it to a small mol
ecule of carrier DNA, then replicating this
modified DNA thousands or even millions
of times.
78
PCR
• The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a
technique in molecular biology to amplify a
single or few copies of a piece of DNA
across several orders of magnitude,
generating thousands to millions of copies
of a particular DNA sequence.
 Order: 순서, 명령, orders of magnitude: 자
릿수
• The method relies on thermal cycling,
consisting of cycles of repeated heating and
cooling of the reaction for DNA melting
and enzymatic replication of the DNA.
79
Marker
• A genetic marker is a gene or DNA sequence wit
h a known location on a chromosome and assoc
iated with a particular gene or trait.
• It can be described as a variation, which may ari
se due to mutation or alteration in the genomic
loci, that can be observed.
• A genetic marker may be a short DNA sequence,
such as a sequence surrounding a single base-p
air change (single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP
), or a long one, like minisatellites.
80
Biotechnology
• Biotechnology is a field of applied biology
that involves the use of living organisms
and bioprocesses in engineering,
technology, medicine and other fields
requiring bioproducts.
• Biotechnology also utilizes these products
for manufacturing purpose.
• Modern use of similar terms includes
genetic engineering as well as cell- and
tissue culture technologies.
81
IVF
• In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a process by which egg cells are
fertilised by sperm outside the womb, in vitro. IVF is a
major treatment in infertility when other methods of
assisted reproductive technology have failed.
• The process involves hormonally controlling the ovulatory
process, removing ova (eggs) from the woman's ovaries and
letting sperm fertilise them in a fluid medium. The fertilised
egg (zygote) is then transferred to the patient's uterus with
the intent to establish a successful pregnancy.
• The first successful birth of a "test tube baby", Louise
Brown, occurred in 1978. Before that, there was a transient
biochemical pregnancy reported by Australian Foxton
School researchers in 1973 and an ectopic pregnancy
reported by Steptoe and Edwards in 1976.
82
parthenogenesis
• Parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction
found in females, where growth and development of
embryos occurs without fertilization by a male.
• In plants, parthenogenesis means development of
an embryo from an unfertilized egg cell, and is a
component process of apomixis. (무수정 생식)
• Parthenogenesis occurs naturally in some
invertebrate animal species and vertebrates (e.g.
some reptiles, fish, and very rarely birds and sharks)
and this type of reproduction has been induced
artificially in other species
83
chimera
• A chimera is an animal that has two or
more different populations of genetically
distinct cells that originated in different
zygotes involved with sexual reproduction;
if the different cells emerged from the same
zygote, it is called a mosaicism.
• Chimeras are formed from four parent cells
(two fertilized eggs or early embryos fused
together). Each population of cells keeps its
own character and the resulting animal is a
mixture of tissues
84
Nuclear Transfer
• Nuclear Transfer is a form of cloning. The
steps involve removing the DNA from an
oocyte (unfertilized egg), and injecting the
nucleus which contains the DNA to be
cloned.
• In genetics and developmental biology,
somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a
laboratory technique for creating a clonal
embryo, using an ovum with a donor
nucleus
85
transgenesis
• Transgenesis is the process of introducing an
exogenous gene – called a transgene – into a living
organism so that the organism will exhibit a new
property and transmit that property to its offspring.
• Transgenesis can be facilitated by liposomes,
plasmid vectors, viral vectors, pronuclear injection,
protoplast fusion, and DNA injection.
• Transgenic organisms are able to express foreign
genes because the genetic code is similar for all
organisms. This means that a specific DNA sequence
will code for the same protein in all organisms.
86
GMO
• A genetically modified organism (GMO) or
genetically engineered organism (GEO) is an
organism whose genetic material has been
altered using genetic engineering techniques.
• These techniques, generally known as
recombinant DNA technology, use DNA
molecules from different sources, which are
combined into one molecule to create a new set
of genes.
• This DNA is then transferred into an organism,
giving it modified or novel genes.
87
시사 및 일반상식
88
Agriculture
• Agriculture refers to the production of food and
goods through farming and forestry.
• Forestry: 임학, 삼림 관리
• Agriculture was the key development that led to the
rise of civilization, with the husbandry of domesticat
ed animals and plants (i.e. crops) creating food surpl
uses that enabled the development of more densely
populated and stratified societies.
• Husbandry: 농사, 살림살이
• stratified society: 계층화된 사회
• The study of agriculture is known as agricultural scie
nce.
89
Livestock
• Livestock is the term used to refer (singularly
or plurally) to a domesticated animal
intentionally reared in an agricultural setting to
make produce such as food or fibre, or for its
labor. The term generally does not include
poultry or farmed fish.
• agricultural setting 농경지 produce 농산물
• A dairy is a facility for the extraction and processin
g of animal milk—mostly from goats or cows, but
also from buffalo, sheep, horses or camels —for h
uman consumption.
90
Critical period
• In general, a critical period is a limited time in
which an event can occur, usually to result in
some kind of transformation.
• A "critical period" in developmental psychology
and developmental biology is a time in the early
stages of an organism's life during which it
displays a heightened sensitivity to certain
environmental stimuli, and develops in particular
ways due to experiences at this time.
• If the organism does not receive the appropriate
stimulus during this "critical period", it may be
difficult, ultimately less successful, or even
impossible, to develop some functions later in
life.
91
Bermuda Triangle
• The Bermuda Triangle, also known as the Devil's
Triangle, is a region in the western part of the North
Atlantic Ocean where a number of aircraft and
surface vessels (수면 선박) allegedly disappeared
mysteriously.
• Atlantic대서양의, pacific: 태평양의
• Documented evidence indicates that a significant
percentage of the incidents were inaccurately
reported or embellished(장식하다) by later authors,
and numerous official agencies have stated that the
number and nature of disappearances in the region
is similar to that in any other area of ocean.
92
Greenhouse gases
• Greenhouse gases are gases in an atmosph
ere that absorb and emit radiation. This pro
cess is the fundamental cause of the greenh
ouse effect.
• The main greenhouse gases in the Earth's
atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide
, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone.
• Greenhouse gases greatly affect the temper
ature of the Earth; without them, Earth's sur
face would be on average about 33°C (59°F
) colder than at present.[
93
HACCP
• Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a
systematic preventive approach to food safety and
pharmaceutical safety that addresses physical,
chemical, and biological hazards as a means of
prevention rather than finished product inspection.
• HACCP is used in the food industry to identify
potential food safety hazards, so that key actions,
known as Critical Control Points (CCPs) can be taken
to reduce or eliminate the risk of the hazards being
realized.
• The system is used at all stages of food production
and preparation processes including packaging,
distribution, etc.
94
FTA
• Free trade area is a type of trade bloc, a designa
ted group of countries that have agreed to elimi
nate tariffs, quotas and preferences on most (if n
ot all) goods and services traded between them.
• It can be considered the second stage of econo
mic integration. Countries choose this kind of ec
onomic integration form if their economical stru
ctures are complementary. If they are competitiv
e, they will choose customs union.
• Free Trade Agreement, 자유 무역협정
• Bloc= a group of countries=연합, Tariff= 관세,
Preference: 선호, 특혜, 우선권, Quota=할당량
95
MOU
• A memorandum of understanding (MOU or
MoU) is a document describing a bilateral or
multilateral agreement between parties. It
expresses a convergence of will between the
parties, indicating an intended common line of
action.
• It is often used in cases where parties either do
not imply a legal commitment or in situations
where the parties cannot create a legally
enforceable agreement. It is a more formal
alternative to a gentlemen's agreement.
96
Penicillin
• In 1928, bacteriologist Alexander Fleming made a chance
discovery from an already discarded, contaminated Petri
dish. The mold that had contaminated the experiment
turned out to contain a powerful antibiotic, penicillin.
However, though Fleming was credited with the discovery, it
was over a decade before someone else turned penicillin
into the miracle drug for the 20th century.
• chance discovery:우연한 발견 be credited with: 인정되다
• The introduction of penicillin in the 1940s, which opened
up the era of antibiotics, has been recognized as one of the
greatest advances in therapeutics. This dramatic medical
breakthrough was a result of combined efforts in the
United Kingdom and the United States.
• Therapeutics : 치료학, Breakthrough: 극복, 타계
97
Stem cells
• Stem cells are biological cells found in all
multicellular organisms, that can divide
(through mitosis) and differentiate into
diverse specialized cell types and can selfrenew to produce more stem cells.
• In mammals, there are two broad types of
stem cells: embryonic stem cells, which are
isolated from the inner cell mass of
blastocysts, and adult stem cells, which are
found in various tissues.
98
Brave new world
• Brave New World is Aldous Huxley's fifth novel,
written in 1931 and published in 1932. Set in
London of AD 2540, the novel anticipates
developments in reproductive technology and sleeplearning (수면학습) that combine (결합시키다 )to
change society.
• The future society is an embodiment(상징) of the
ideals that form the basis of futurology. (미래학)
Huxley answered this book with a reassessment in
an essay, Brave New World Revisited (1958),
summarized below, and with his final work, a novel
titled Island (1962).
• In 1999, the Modern Library ranked Brave New
World fifth on its list of the 100 best Englishlanguage novels of the 20th century.
99
2010 Nobel Prize (2010.12)
• Robert Edwards is awarded the 2010 Nobel Prize for the
development of human in vitro fertilization (IVF) therapy.
His achievements have made it possible to treat infertility, a
medical condition afflicting (괴롭히다)a large proportion of
humanity including more than 10% of all couples worldwide.
• As early as the 1950s, Edwards had the vision that IVF
could be useful as a treatment for infertility. He worked
systematically to realize his goal, discovered important
principles for human fertilization, and succeeded in
accomplishing fertilization of human egg cells in test tubes
(or more precisely, cell culture dishes).
• His efforts were finally crowned by success on 25 July, 1978,
when the world's first "test tube baby" was born. During
the following years, Edwards and his co-workers refined IVF
technology and shared it with colleagues around the world.
100
Dolly
• Wilmut was the leader of the research group
that in 1996 first cloned a mammal, a lamb
named Dolly.
• "Dolly was a bonus, sometimes when scientists
work hard, they also get lucky, and that's what h
appened.”
—Ian Wilmut, quoted in Time
• However, in 2008 Wilmut announced that he is t
o abandon the technique of nuclear transfer by
which Dolly was created in favour of an alternati
ve technique developed by Shinya Yamanaka.
101
Dolly Rebecca Parton
• Dolly Rebecca Parton (born January 19,
1946) is an American singer-songwriter,
author, multi-instrumentalist, actress and
philanthropist(자선가), best-known for
her work in country music.
• 'The Queen of Country Music‘, with
twenty-five number-one singles(싱글앨
범), and a record forty-one top-10
country albums.
102
Dame Vera
• On 13th September 2009, Dame Vera became the
oldest living artist to make it into No. 1 in the UK
album chart, at the age of 92.
• Her collection We'll Meet Again: The Very Best of
Vera Lynn entered the chart at number 20 on 30th
August, and then climbed to number 2 the followi
ng week, before reaching the top position.
• In doing this, she beat out the re-mastered Beatl
es' album of songs. In its third week the album we
nt gold with sales of over 100,000.
103
Ban Ki-moon
(NY times; 2011.6)
• In June 2011, the White House endorsed(지지하다) Mr.
Ban for a second term helping assure(확신하다) his reelection.
• Mr. Ban, a former foreign minister for South Korea, has
led the United Nations through crises involving Libya
and Ivory Coast.
• ''You could say that I am a man on a mission, and my
mission could be dubbed(부르다) 'Operation Restore
Trust': trust in the organization, and trust between
member states and the Secretariat(사무국),'' Mr. Ban
said when he took over the position. ''I hope this
mission is not 'Mission: Impossible.' ''
104
Bill Gates(Times,2011.7)
• Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft who has
morphed(변하다) into the world's best-known
philanthropist(자선가), wants to reinvent the toilet.
• This next big idea for the good(이익) of mankind will
now also be getting help from German taxpayers
after Development Minister Dirk Niebel earmarked
(배정하다) $10 million for a joint project with the Bill
& Melinda Gates Foundation. Over the next five
years, this project aims to provide 800,000 people in
Kenya with access to sanitation facilities and ensure
clean drinking water for 200,000.
• The goal is to find "innovative solutions" for
sanitation in poor urban areas. Gates says it's time
to move on from the era of the classic toilet.
105
Billboard K-Pop
(2011.8)
• "The launch of the Billboard K-Pop Hot 100 chart is a
milestone event, as it will provide the Korean music
market with what we believe is Korea's most accurate
and relevant song ranking," says Silvio Pietroluongo,
Billboard's Director of Charts.
• "We're excited to be expanding Billboard's globally
recognized Hot 100 chart franchise into this country,
and look forward to enhancing the K-Pop Hot 100
chart in the near future with additional data as well as
creating new charts that showcase the breadth of
Korean music.“
 Launch 시작, milestone 이정표, relevant 의미 있는
 chart 도표, enhance 향상시키다
 franchise 독점판매권, showcase 선보이다
106
ANDi(Nature지)
• Following genetically modified bacteria, plants a
nd mice, US researchers have now made the first
modified monkey.
• The three-month old animal carries only a useles
s 'marker' gene, but his creators believe that intr
oducing specific human genes into monkeys cou
ld speed new treatments for conditions includin
g breast cancer and diabetes
• The rhesus monkey, named ANDi ("inserted DNA
" backwards), received the extra DNA while still a
n unfertilized egg.
107
Steve Jobs
• Steven Paul "Steve" Jobs (born February 24,
1955) is an American business magnate(거물,
큰손) and inventor. He is co-founder, chairman,
and former chief executive officer of Apple Inc.
• On August 24, 2011, Jobs announced his
resignation from his role as Apple's CEO.
• In his letter of resignation, Jobs strongly
recommended that the Apple executive
succession plan be followed and Tim Cook be
named as his successor.
• According to the Wall Street Journal, Steve Jobs
had a liver transplant in 2009, in Tennessee.
108
Harvard University
• Harvard University is an American private Ivy League
research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts,
United States, established in 1636 by the Massachusetts
legislature. Harvard's history, influence, and wealth have
made it one of the most prestigious universities in the
world.
• Harvard's curriculum and students became secular
throughout the 18th century and by the 19th century had
emerged as the central cultural establishment among
Boston elites.
• As of 2010, Harvard employs about 2,100 faculty to teach
and advise approximately 6,700 undergraduates and 14,500
graduate and professional students. Eight U.S. presidents
have been graduates, and 75 Nobel Laureates have been
student, faculty, or staff affiliates.
• Legislature 입법부 Secular세속적인 laureate수상자 affiliates
연계
109
Yellowstone National Park
• Yellowstone National Park , established by the U.S. Congress
and signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant on March
1, 1872, is a national park located primarily in the U.S. state
of Wyoming, although it also extends into Montana and
Idaho. Yellowstone, widely held to be the first national park
in the world, is known for its wildlife. It has many types of
ecosystems, but the subalpine forest is dominant.
• Yellowstone National Park spans an area of 3,468.4 square
miles (8,983 km2), comprising lakes, canyons, rivers and
mountain ranges. Hundreds of species of mammals, birds,
fish and reptiles have been documented, including several
that are either endangered or threatened. The Yellowstone
Park Bison Herd is the oldest and largest public bison herd
in the United States.
• Wildlife 야생동물,Subalpine아고산대(亞高山帶)의, comprise
구성하다, canyon협곡, bison들소
110
Ki Bo-bae wins gold in women’s
archery(Korea Herald, 2012.8)
• Ki Bo-bae won the gold in women's individual archery
Thursday at the London Olympics. Ki beat Aida Roman of
Mexico in the final.
• South Korea has now won seven of the past eight Olympic
gold medals in the women's individual archery.
• After the two ended the regulation all tied at the set score
of 5-5, both archers shot an 8 in the one-arrow shoot-off.
But Ki was declared the champion because her shot was
closer to the center of the target.
• Ki also became the first double gold medalist for South
Korea in London. She helped the country win the team
gold medal earlier.
• Archery 활쏘기, 양궁 archer궁수 regulation 정규시합, 규정
111
Gymnast Yang Hak-seon takes gold
in men's vault (Korea Times,2012.8)
• Korean gymnast Yang Hak-seon won the gold medal
in men's vault Monday at the London Olympics.
• Yang posted an average score of 16.533 points after
two vault attempts in the final at the North
Greenwich Arena.
• In his first try, Yang successfully pulled off his
signature move called "The Yang Hak-seon," a tripletwisting handspring front somersault that he nailed
to win the 2011 world championships in Tokyo.
• Yang earned 16.466 points this time, despite slipping
a bit on the landing.
• Vault 도마, 도약하다 pull off 성사시키다 nail 고정시
키다
• handspring 공중돌기 재주넘기 somersault 공중제비
112
Communication
113
Presentation 의 구성
1. 인사, 소개에 대한 감사
2. 자기소개
이름, 소속, 직책, 담당업무
3. 발표 내용소개
주제, 발표순서, 발표시간
목적, 중요성
4. 본문 내용 발표
5. 마무리: 요약, 결론, 중점 사항
6. 질의 응답
114
인사 및 자기 소개
• 인사, 자신의 이름, 소속 및 직책을
간단하게 소개
Good morning Ladies & gentlemen
I would like to introduce myself.
My name is J. K. Kim,
General manager, working for Samsung
electronics
115
소개한 사람에 대한 인사
Thank you.
Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
Thank you very much, Professor Smith.
Thank you very much indeed, Dr. Smith.
Thank you for introducing me, John.
I'd like to say thank you for your generous introduction, Dr.
Smith.
116
호칭
• Ladies & gentlemen!
• (Dear my ) friends, colleges, fellow
members !
• Distinguished guests!
• Mr./ Madam president!
• Mr./ Madam chairman!
• Dr. Homes, Ladies & gentlemen!
• Mr. Kim, Mrs. Chang, distinguished
members & guest!
117
발표자 소개
• Let me start by saying just a few words about
myself.
• I’d like to briefly introduce my self to you first
• My name is Tony Kim.
• I am the new marketing manager for Samsung
electronics.
• I work in the marketing department.
• I am in charge of marketing department.
• I am responsible for product design.
• I am the head of product design.
118
첫인사법, 초대강연의 인사
I
I
I
I
I
am
am
am
am
am
glad to ~
happy to ~
pleased to ~
delighted to ~
privileged to ~
It's an honor to ~
It's a pleasure to ~
It's a privilege to ~
119
발표 제목, 목적, 목차를 소개
• Today / This morning / This afternoon
• I am going to talk about “ Recent trend on
animal biotechnolgy”
• The topic/title of my presentation is ---• The subject of this talk is ---• The purpose is / I am here today
• First thing I want to say today is ---• Second
• Last
120
개요나 요지 알리기
• I’ve divide my presentation into 3 parts.
• The subject can be looked at under the
following headings.
• My talk will be in 3 parts followed by a
30-minute discussion.
 First
 Second
 Third
 Finally
121
발표할 내용의 개요를 말하기
I'll be speaking about ~
I'm going to give a talk on ~
I'd like to talk to you about ~
I'd like to present ~
I'd like to review ~
I'd like to cover ~
I'd like to focus on ~
It's my purpose to ~
It's my intention to ~
My
My
My
My
point is to ~
topic will deal with ~
purpose is to ~
discussion on ~ is to ~
122
슬라이드에 대한 설명 1
shows
~
demonstrates
illustrates ~
answers ~
classifies ~
This slide displays ~
indicates ~
~
Slide, please.
Next, please.
May I have the first slide, please?
123
슬라이드에 대한 설명 2
As you see, ~
You see that, ~
We have ~ here.
As demonstrated here, ~
I'd like to show you, ~
To begin with ~
Let me start with ~
First of all
I would like to start with
124
주장하는 점을 표현하기
최초의 주장점
First,
The first remark is that ~
First of all,
The first comment is related to ~
In the first place, The first point is connected with
~
The first remark is that it's possible to solve the problem by
using a heuristic search.
The first point I'd like make about information theory is that
we developed a new method of encryption.
The first point is concerned with the improvement of
numerically controlled machine tools.
The first comment is related to the recent achievement of
machine translation systems.
125
그래프의 표현법
변화의 범위
rise from ~ to ~
fall from ~ to ~
vary from ~ to ~
range from ~ to ~
change from ~ to ~
The resistance rose from 10 kΩ to 12 kΩ.
The capacitance fell from 12 μF to 10 μF.
The diameter of atoms varies from 1×10-10 to 5×10-10 m.
Wavelengths of visible spectrum range from 700 nanometers
at the red end to 400 nanometers at the violet end.
In changing from one musical note to another an octave
above, the frequency is doubled.
126
단위를 읽는 방법
3m
10 cm
5 mm
60 km
4 μm
3.3 m2
10 m3
50 km/h
three meters
ten centimeters
five millimeters
sixty kilometers
four micrometers
three point three square meters
three point three meters squared
ten cubic meters
ten meters cubed
fifty kilometers per hour
127
크기의 표현
That box is 1 m high.
That box has a height of 1 m.
The height of that box is 1 m.
The piece is 12 cm long.
It has a length of 12 cm.
The length of the piece is 12 cm.
The circle has a radius of 2 cm.
It has a circumference of 4 cm.
It has an area of 4 cm2
The diameter of this circle is 4 cm.
128
연산식의 표현
5+6
12 - 4
34
53
32
33
34
five plus six
twelve minus four
three times four
three multiplied by four
three fours
five divided by three
three squared
three cubed
three to the power four
three to the fourth power
three to the fourth
three to the four
129
수식의 대소 표현
x>y
xy
x+2>0
y< z
x y
x-2<4
0<x<2
0x2
x is greater than y.
x is more than y.
x is greater than y or equal to y.
x plus two is greater than zero.
x plus two is more than zero.
y is less than z.
y is smaller than z.
x is less than y or equal to y.
x minus two is less than four.
x minus two is smaller than four.
Zero is less than x which is less than two.
Zero is less than or equal to x which is less
than or equal to two.
130
이유로부터 결과
Because
Since
+ 이유,
As
결과.
비교의 표현법
X
be roughly the same as
be similar to
Y.
be like
131
비교의 표현법
X
differ from
be different from
be distinguished from
contrast with
be in contrast to
be related to ~
be associated with ~
be concerned with ~
be regarded as ~
be connected with ~
correspond to ~
be represented as ~
be known as ~
Y.
132
비교의 표현법
X
X
depend on (upon)
be dependent on
depending on
be independent of
Y.
can
be able to
be capable of
Y.
have the ability to
have the capacity to
133
의견의 표현법 의견
Personally,
My opinion is that ~
It's my view that ~
It's my opinion that ~
It's my understanding that ~
In my view,
In my opinion,
I base my opinion on ~
134
예시의 표현법
for example
for instance
for one thing
as follows
as proof of that
as an illustration
according to statistics
according to statistical evidence
135
요 약
in short
in brief
in summary
eventually
on the whole
to sum up
to review briefly
to be brief
136
마무리하기
Let me summarize that ~ .
Finally, we conclude that ~ .
I'd like to make some conclusions.
I'd like to summarize my talk.
In conclusion we can say that ~ .
So to conclude, ~ .
마지막 인사
Thank you for your patience.
Thank you very much indeed for your kind attention.
Thank you very much for your indulgence.
I'd like to thank you for your endurance.
137
Job interview
1.


2.



방법:
직접 면접
전화나 화상 면접
단계
인사팀: 이력 사항, 자격요건
실무자: 심층 면접(근무 부서)
중역: 인사권자, 최종 면접
138
질문내용및답변태도
• 주요질문내용
 경력사항 등 자기소개
 지원동기, 본인의 장단점
 회사에 대한 지식
 국내 및 국제적 흐름
 상황변화(긴급상황)에 따른 당사자의 견해
 Test내용
 영어 구사능력 또는 전문 지식 보유능력
• 답변태도
 명확 및 정확
 겸손하면서도 당당한 태도
 본인이 적임자라는 사실 부각
 경력, 전공 등을 솔직 및 정직하게
139
자기소개 순서
•

•


•



•


•

시작
I am honored to be here for an interview.
학교, 전공
I am a senior in politics at Seoul university.
I majored in biotechnology with a minor in animal science.
성격
I can work well with others.
I have a good sense of humor.
I have good communication skills.
경력
I have 4 years of experience with computers.
I specialize in innovative biotechnology.
포부
Five years from now, I might be a software developer or a
systems analyst.
140
면접 시 인사/소개
• Good morning. My name is --• First of all, thank you for inviting me for an
interview.
• I am honored to be here for an interview.
• I am applying for a secretary position.
• I am a senior in politics at --- university.
• I majored in biotechnology with a minor in
animal science.
• I double-majored in English & Japanese.
141
자기 소개(계속)
• Good morning / afternoon / evening. My name is Tae-baek
Lee.
안녕하세요 저는 이태백입니다.
• Hello. lt’s nice to see you (all).
안녕하세요 만나게 되어 반갑습니다.
• Hi. First of all, thank you for inviting me for an interview.
안녕하세요. 먼저 면접 기회를 주신 데 감사 드립니다.
• Hello. How nice to have this interview opportunity.
안녕하세요. 이렇게 면접 기회를 갖게 되다니 정말 기쁩니다.
★ How nice to do~ 하게 되어 정말 기쁘다
142
Common Interview Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Tell me about yourself
Why should we hire you?
What is your greatest strength ?
What is your greatest weakness?
Where do you want to be in 5 years? 10 years?
What kind of qualifications do you have?
What kind of salary do you need?
How long would you expect to work for us if
hired?
9. What questions do you have for me?
143
Tell me about yourself
• I have a brother and two sisters, and I am
the youngest daughter. I grew up in Daegu
until I moved to Seoul for college
education.
• I graduated from OO University last year,
majoring in library science. While I was in
college, I had a chance to work as a
librarian on campus for two years.
• I am currently working in a city library as I
look for full-time employment.
144
자기소개
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
표현
My name is ---.
I am-- years old.
I live in ----.
I like ---. (If countable, then plural.)
I don't like (If countable, then plural.)
My hobby is----.
My favorite food is ----. (If countable, then
plural.)
145
자기 소개(계속)
• I will be graduating with a BS degree from HK
university.
• I completed a MS degree in 2006 with a major
in statistics.
• I have been to Japan for a language exchange
programme.
• I have taken several courses on finance.
• I am very familiar with gene mapping.
• I would like to use this opportunity to discuss
my potential contribution to your company.
• Thank you for inviting me today for an interview.
146
자기 소개(계속)
• I’m a senior / junior majoring in politics in Hansu University.
저는 한수대학교 4학년/3학년에 재학 중으로 정치학을 전공하
고 있습니다.
• I’m in my last year at Dalim University majoring in
economics.
저는 다림대학교에서 경제학을 전공하며 졸업반입니다.
• I’m a recent physics graduate form Hankook University.
저는 학국대의 물리학 전공 졸업생입니다.
★ Graduate은 명사로 ‘(학부)졸업생’이라는 의미
★ Physics graduate이라면 물리학 전공 졸업생
147
자기 소개(계속)
• I majored in astronomy with a minor in mathematics.
저는 천문학을 전공했고 수학을 부전공했습니다.
• I double-majored in English literature and music
history.
저는 영문학과 음악사를 복수 전공했습니다.
★Double-major 복수 전공하다
• I’m a philosophy major with a minor in Japanese.
저는 철학 전공자로 부전공은 일본어입니다.
★A major는 전공이라는 뜻뿐만 아니라 ‘전공자’라는 의
미로도 쓰입니다.
148
자기 소개(계속)
• I will b e graduating with a BA degree from Daehan
University.
저는 대한대학교에서 문학사 학위로 졸업할 예정입니다.
• I’m expecting an MBA degree from Hankook University.
저는 한국대 MBA 학위를 곧 수여받을 예정입니다.
★ Be expecting ~을 예상하다, ~할 예정이다.
• I completed / finished a BS degree in 2006 with a major in
civil engineering and a minor in statistics.
저는 2006년에 토목공학과 전공, 통계학 부전공으로 이학사
학위를 취득했습니다.
149
자기 소개(계속)
•
I have been to Japan for a language exchange program.
어학 교류 프로그램으로 일본에 가 본 경험이 있습니다.
I have traveled in Northern Europe for an extensive period and grasped
the understanding of European culture.
저는 북유럽을 긴 기간 동안 여행한 경험이 있어 유럽 문화에 대한 이해를
쌓았습니다.
★Grasp the understanding of ~을 이해하다, ~의 이해를 얻다
•
•
I gave worked for Samil for the last two years.
지난 2년간 삼일사에서 일해 왔습니다.
I have been volunteering with Myungdong Catholic Church since high
school.
저는 고등학교 때부터 명동 천주교성당에서 봉사해 왔습니다.
★‘Have been –ing’는 현재완료 진행형으로 과거에 시작한 일이나 행동이 현재
까지 계속 연결됨을 알릴 때 유용한 시제 표현입니다.
•
150
자기 소개(계속)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
I was trained as an experienced chef at Paragon.
저는 파라곤에서 경험 있는 요리사로서 교육을 받았습니다.
As a president, I was in charge of our club’s weekly meetings.
동아리 대표로서 저는 동아리의 주간 회의를 담당했습니다.
I was an excellent research assistant of professors in the Department of
Economics.
저는 경제학부 교수님들의 훌륭한 보조 연구원이었습니다.
I was a devoted member of the photo club.
저는 사진동아리의 헌신적인 일원이었습니다.
I have academic experience in my major.
저는 제 전공 분야에 다양한 연구 경험이 있습니다.
I was a secretary of the presentation club.
저는 프레젠테이션 동아리 총무였습니다.
I have gained practical skills in leading people through that position.
저는 그 직책을 통해 사람들을 통솔하는 실질적인 기술을 습득했습니다
151
지원부서
• I’m appying for a secretary position at XT
Corporate.
XT 사의 비서 직책에 지원합니다.
• I’m one of the candidates for a position in the
Marketing Department.
저는 마케팅부 지원자 중 한 사람입니다.
• I’m interested in the accounting position at your
company.
귀사의 회계 부문에 관심을 갖고 있습니다.
152
Why should we hire you?
• I think you should hire me because I have the
enthusiasm and skills you need in this marketing
support position.
• My technical skills exactly match the
requirements as I've been using your software in
my job. Also my interpersonal skills are strong as
a result of my student government experience.
• As you must have seen on my resume, I have
three years of homepage production experience
while I was in school.
• With my experience and educational background,
I know I can contribute to your team.
153
채용의 당위성
• I’m very familiar with database management.
저는 데이터베이스 관리 업무에 익숙합니다.
★ Be familiar with~에 익숙하다
• I’m accustomed to dealing with people from various backgrounds.
저는 다양한 배경의 사람들을 상대하는 데 익숙합니다.
★ Be accustomed to (명사/동명사)~에 익숙한 (be used to –ing와 같
은 의미로 사용됩니다.)
• I’m confident in troubleshooting computer software problem.
저는 컴퓨터 소프트웨어의 문제를 해결하는 데 자신이 있습니다.
★ Troubleshoot( 어떤 일에 문제가 생길 경우) 문제를 해결하다
154
채용의 당위성
• I am sure I’m second to none in computer programming.
저는 컴퓨터 프로그래밍 분야에서는 일인자라는 것을 확신합
니다.
★ Second to none은 구어로 ‘어느 것[누구]에도 뒤지지 않는’이
란 뜻입니다.
• I’m a self-educated Web designer.
저는 독학으로 웹디자인을 배웠습니다.
★ Self-educated는 ‘독학으로 배운’이란 뜻으로 self-taught와 같
은 의미입니다.
• I know how to work across multiple disciplines.
저는 다양한 분야의 사람들과 일하는 방법을 압니다.
155
What is your greatest
strength?
•
•
•
•
•
•
My key strengths lie in /are--I am very hard working/ decisive. (결단력이 있는)
I can work well with others.
I have a good sense of humor.
I’m a fast learner.
I'm a quick learner in learning languages, but my
computer experience is somewhat limited.
However, I recently took a weeklong training
program on using the MAC and I'm looking
forward to building on the skills I learned.
156
자기 장점
• I am very hard-working. 저는 성실합니다.
• I am very decisive. 저는 결단력이 있습니다.
• I am a person who respects seniority.
저는 위계질서를 존중하는 사람입니다.
★ Seniority 위계질서
• I have a good sense of humor.
저는 유머 감각이 뛰어납니다.
★ Have a good sense of(명사)~감각이 뛰어나다
• I have a strong will to achieve whatever I have
planned.
저는 제가 계획한 것을 성취하고자 하는 강한 의지를
가지고 있습니다.
157
자기 장점
• I like talking with people from all over the world.
저는 세계 곳곳의 사람들과 얘기 나누는 것을 좋
아합니다.
★ Like + 동명사
• I enjoy thinking of new ideas.
저는 새로운 아이디어를 고안하는 것을 즐깁니다.
• I value my leadership skills the most.
저는 제 리더십 능력을 가장 소중하게 여깁니다.
★ Value~ the most ~을 가장 소중히 여기다
158
자기 장점
• I can work well with others.
저는 다른 사람과 업무 협조를 잘할 수 있습니다.
• I managed to solve most internal problems by introducing
new policies.
저는 새로운 정책을 도입하여 대부분의 내부적인 문제를 해결
할 수 있었습니다.
★ Manage to 동사: ~을 가능하게 하다, ~을 해내다
• I am able to work well within a group.
저는 팀 안에서 일을 잘할 수 있습니다.
• I have the ability to communicate well with senior members
at work.
저는 회사의 선배 직원들과 의사소통을 잘할 수 있는 능력을
가지고 있습니다.
159
What is your greatest
weakness?
•
•
•
•
•
My weakness is that I can’t easily say no.
I work too hard.
I’m a perfectionist.
My weak point is --My weakness is that I usually take too
much time before making any decision.
But once I make a decision, I don't look
back but push for what I have decided
160
단점
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
To tell you the truth, I’m a bit too laid-back.
솔직히 말씀 드리면 좀 너무 낙천적입니다.
I must admit that I am a bit of workaholic.
약간은 일 중독자라는 점을 인정하지 않을 수 없습니다.
I am afraid that I do not have experience and skills directly related to
this job.
말씀 드리기 좀 그렇습니다만 이 작업과 직접적으로 관련된 경험이 없습니
다.
I’m afraid that I am not so good with EXCEL.
말씀 드리기 좀 그렇습니다만 저는 엑셀을 다루는 것이 좀 미숙합니다.
My weakness is that I can’t easily say no.
제 약점은 쉽게 거절하지 못한다는 것입니다.
My weak point is that I pursue perfection in everything I do.
제 단점은 하는 모든 일에 완벽을 추구하는 것입니다.
One of my shortcoming is that I am a little bit conservative.
제 단점 중 하나는 제가 조금 보수적이라는 것입니다.★ Shortcoming 단점
161
Where do you want to be in
5 years? 10 years?
• Five years seems like a long time. I can see
myself as a programming analyst in two
years.
• Five years from now, I might be a software
developer or a systems analyst.
• In 5 years, ---• I won't know which direction I want to take
until I've been in the field for a while.
• My ultimate dream is to be a trade
specialist.
162
5-10년 후 자기모습
• In five years, I can see myself being promoted to a position in
which I manage and lead people.
5년 안에 저는 사람들을 관리하고 이끄는 자리로 승진할 수 있으리
라 생각합니다.
• In the very short term, I’d like to find a position and a project that
fit well with my interest and skills.
아주 단기적인 관점에서 제 관심과 능력에 부합되는 직책과 프로젝
트를 찾고 싶습니다.
• Within the next five years, I will have obtained an MBA in order
to become a more competitive manager at your company.
향후 5년 안에 귀사에서 좀 더 경쟁력 있는 관리자가 되기 위해 MBA
를 취득할 예정입니다.
163
단기 목표
• My short-term goal is to become a competent consultant.
제 단기 목표는 유능한 컨설턴트가 되는 것입니다.
• My short-term goal is to streamline in-house recruiting
function.
제 단기 목표는 사내 채용 구조를 합리화하는 것입니다.
★ Streamline 합리화하다 / in-house사내의
• My short-term goal is to complete a Master’s degree in
communications, which will help me understand media
work better.
제 단기 목표는 미디어 업무를 잘 이해할 수 있도록 해 주는
커뮤니케이션 석사 학위를 마치는 것입니다
164
장기적인 목표
• My ultimate dream is to be a trade specialist.
제 궁극적인 목표는 무역 전문가가 되는 것입니다.
• My long-range goal includes running my own consulting firm.
제 장기 목표는 제 컨설팅 회사를 운영하는 것을 포합합니다.
• My long-term plan is to be in a leading position at this company.
제 장기 계획은 이 회사의 임원급 직책을 맡는 것입니다.
• In 10 years, I would like to obtain a great scope of leadership
skills.
10년 안에 다양한 범위의 리더십 기술을 습득하고 싶습니다.
• Ten years from now, I will have mastered Chinese as an expert in
Chinese market trends.
지금으로부터 10년 후 중국 시장 동향 분야의 전문가로 중국어를 완
벽히 구사하겠습니다.
• Within the next 10 years, I will be a specialist in marketing.
지금으로부터 10년 후 마케팅 분야의 전문가가 될 것입니다.
165
회사 에 대한 지식
• You are a pioneer in the artificial intelligence
technology.
귀사는 인공 지능 기술 분야의 개척자입니다.
• Your company is the uncontested leader in the
electronics industry.
귀사는 전자제품 분야에서 타의 추종을 불허하는 선두
주자입니다.
• Your company is the unprecedented challenger in
the LCD industry.
귀사는 LCD 분야의 선례가 없었던 도전자입니다.
166
지원 동기
• During the research of your company, I came to realize that
this is the place I want to work for.
회사에 대한 조사를 하다가 저는 이 회사에서 일하고 싶다는
생각이 들었습니다.
• I was so impressed with the fact that your company has
become a world leader in the computer software industry.
귀사가 컴퓨터 소프트웨어 분야의 세계적 리더가 되었다는
사실이 매우 인상적이었습니다.
• I deeply respect your company’s dedication to improving
the IT industry in Korea.
귀사가 한국 IT 분야 발전에 헌신하는 점을 정말 존경합니다.
★ Dedication to + 명사 / 동명사 ~ 에 관한 헌신
167
What kind of salary do
you need?
• Considering my previous work experience, I
deserve an annual income of around 30-35
million won.
• I used to got paid around 40 million won
annually. However, it is negotiable.
• What I do is much more important for me
than what I will be making at your company.
• As for the salary, I am willing to accept
what you are willing to offer as long as it is
within a reasonable market price range.
168
연봉협상
• Considering my previous work experience, I think I deserve an
annual income of around 30 to 35 million Won.
이전 경력을 고려하면 3000에서 3500만원의 연봉을 받을 만하다고
생각합니다.
• Owing to my multi-language skills, I believe I deserve around 2 to
3 million won a month.
제 다국어 언어 실력을 고려할 때 월 200에서 300만원 정도 받을
만하다고 생각합니다.
• I used to get paid around 40 million won annually.
저는 4천 만원 정도의 연봉을 받았습니다.
• I’m hoping to start at around 2.8 million won per year.
저는 연봉 2천 8백만원 정도에서 시작하고 싶습니다.
169
연봉협상
• My expected starting salary range is anywhere
between 2 and 2.5 million won per month.
제가 예상하고 있는 초봉 급여 범위는 월 200에
서 250만원 정도입니다.
• However, it is negotiable.
하지만 협상 가능합니다.
• For now, money is not my priority but work is.
현재 저에게 돈이 아니라 일이 최우선입니다.
170
What kind of qualifications
do you have?
• I majored in business, so I'm familiar
with writing business letters and
conducting business negotiations.
• I have a lot of experience with
computers.
• I have taken accounting classes, and I’m
good at math.
171
자격증
• I have acquired a CPA.
저는 회계사 자격증을 취득했습니다.
• I have taken several courses on financial planning.
저는 재무설계에 관련된 몇 가지 과정을 이수했습니다.
• I have passed the international certificate for engineer
electricity.
저는 전기기사 국제 전문자격증에 통과했습니다.
• I have obtained presentation skills from my previous work.
지난번 직장 업무로 프레젠테이션 기술을 습득했습니다.
172
How long would you expect to
work for us if hired?
• I'd like to work here as long as possible.
And I want to continue to work after
getting married.
173
Follow-up(thank you) letter
• 면접 후에 면접관에 보내는 편지
• 구성
 본인 이름, 주소
 날짜
 면접관 이름 주소
 Dear 면접관(예:Mr. Smith):
 면접해주신데 대한 감사 표시
 인터뷰를 통해 느낀 점과 본인의 장점, 채용되면
회사에 도움이 될 수 있다는 내용 정리 설명
 연락 받기를 희망한다는 내용
 본인 연락처
174
Thank you letter
• Dear Mr. Kim:
• This is to express my appreciation for your courtesy in
granting me an interview yesterday for that position.
• During our interview I came to see exactly what you are
looking for.
• I am very interested in your company & I am looking
forward to hearing from you further.
• Thank you again for your time & consideration.
• Sincerely yours,
• Jung Lee
175
처음 만나는 사람과의 대화
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hello.
Nice to meet you.
Allow me to introduce myself.
How are you doing?
What’s up?
Anything new?
Is this your first time visiting Korea?
How was your trip?
Korea is a nice place to live in.
What is your first impression about Korea?
What do you think about Korea?
I don’t speak English very well.
176
식사초대
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Do you want to come over to my place for dinner.
Where do you want to go for entertainment?
I’ll meet at the front desk at 7PM.
What type of food would you like to eat?
Do you want to eat Korean food?
How was the dinner?
Did you enjoy the dinner?
The meal was great.
I really enjoy the meal.
I’ll pay for the dinner.
Dinner’s on me.
177
약 속
• This is my business card.
• Feel free to contact me if you have any
problem.
• If you have any problem, contact me.
• Can I ask you a personal question?
• How about you come to my office at 10 AM?
• Meet me at my office at 10 AM sharp.
178
소 개
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
I would like to introduce you to my boss.
This is Mr. Park, my boss.
You must be Dr. Jung. (정 박사님 이시죠)
Make yourself comfortable. (편히 앉으셔요)
Thank you for visiting.
Take care and good luck on everything.
This is a gift for you for all your hard work.
179
작 별
•
•
•
•
•
•
Do you need a ride to the airport?
I can drop you off at the airport at 5 PM.
Thank you for everything.
See you in 2 months in Paris.
Have a safe trip.
Take care of yourself, my friend.
(몸조심하셔요)
180
Writing
181
영문 서신 작성
•
•
•
•
•
일반서신
Business letter
이력서, Cover letter
추천서
E-mail, memo
182
영문편지의 구성
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Heading(발신자의 주소, 날짜)
Inside address(수신인의 주소 성명)
Salutation(서두 인사)
Body of letter(본문)
Complimentary close(마무리글)
Signature(서명)
Postscript(추신)
183
heading
Dear Phil,
311 East Duke Street
Stanley, N.C. 28164
August 15, 2012
body
greeting
How has your summer been? Not too hot I hope. Did you get to visit your
grandparents? Did you go on your trip to Toronto as you had hoped? They say Toronto is a
beautiful city?
This is my second season at Camp Bellaire. I just passed my swimming test. Now I can
swim out to the raft and also use the boats. To pass I had to jump into the water with my clothes
on (as if I had just fallen out of a boat). Then I had to take them off down to my trunks, even my
shoes and socks, and finally swim back to shore. It was tough, but I did it!
I’m looking forward to seeing you soon. There is lots of news to catch up on!
closing
Sincerely yours,
signature
Mike
184
이력서와 cover letter
• 이력서란 학력이나 경력 등 자기 이력 사항을 기록하
는 것이다
 학력, 경력
 대외 활동, 자격증
 추천인
• Cover letter란 인사 담당자가 자기를 인터뷰 대상에
포함시킬 수 있게 설득하기 위하여 ( 자기가 적임자
중에 하나라는 것을 알리는) 작성하는 서신이다
 인터뷰 요청 및 자기 연락처
 지원 동기
 모집 분야와 관련된 자기의 학력, 경력 및 지식
185
Resume(이력서)의 구성
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
이름(Name)
주소 (address)및 전화번호
E-mail, fax주소
희망직종(desired job)
학력(education)
경력( work experience)
자격증(qualification)
기술(skills)
기타활동(extra curricular activities)
추천인(references)
186
Cover letter(자기소개서)의 구성
•
•
•
•










이름
주소 및 전화번호
E-mail, fax주소
인사말;
To whom it may concern, Dear Mr. Kim
목적
I am writing to apply
지원회사에 대한 관심
Your company has a good reputation
간략한 자기 소개
인터뷰 요청 및 연락처
맺는 말 및 이름
Yours sincerely
Full name
187
Cover letter 작성 시 주의 사항
•
•
•
•
•
•
받는 사람 명시
Format 과 style이 멋있게
간단 명료 (1page 이내)
오타 등 실수는 금물
자신만의 개성 표현
경력과 능력에 초점
188
Cover letter의 예
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Dear Sirs
I am replying to your advertisement in the Pudlic Journal of October
5, 2003 for the position of paymaster's section. (모집 공고의 출처 명기)
As the enclosed resume shows, the courses I took at university
include Accounting and English, and the practical education taught
me important skills in accounting.
Therefore I feel the requirements of your position and my
qualifications seem to match well.
I like working and taking the responsibility of my works. I am ready
for a new works and I truly hope you will offer the opportunity to
me.
May I have the special right of a personal interview to discuss my
qualifications with you in detail? I would appreciate it if you would
write or call me at 02-000-0000 to set up an appointment. (전화번호
를 직접 명기)
Sincerely yours,
Park Chan-ho
189
추천서의 구성
구 성
내
용
Salutation
Dear Mr. Marina, Dear Ms. Templeton, etc.
Body
피추천자와의 관계, 피추천자의 정보, 능력 등
Summary
Conclusion
Closing
내용 요약, 적극 추천한다 추가
추가정보 문의 시 연락처 등
Sincerely yours, 추천자 이름, 소속, 직위, 주소등
190
추천서
To Whom It May Concern:
As the Dean of Stonewell College, I have had the pleasure of knowing Hannah Smith for
the last four years. She has been a tremendous student and an asset to our school. I
would like to take this opportunity to recommend Hannah for your graduate program.
I feel confident that she will continue to succeed in her studies. Hannah is a dedicated
student and thus far her grades have been exemplary. In class, she has proven to be a
take-charge person who is able to successfully develop plans and implement them.
Hannah has also assisted us in our admissions office. She has successfully demonstrated
leadership ability by counseling new and prospective students. Her advice has been a
great help to these students, many of whom have taken time to share their comments
with me regarding her pleasant and encouraging attitude.
It is for these reasons that I offer high recommendations for Hannah without reservation.
Her drive and abilities will truly be an asset to your establishment. If you have any
questions regarding this recommendation, please do not hesitate to contact me.
Sincerely,
Roger Fleming
Dean of Stonewell College
191
192
E-mail의 구성
•
•
•
•
•
To : All student
From : Prof. Kim
Subject: Report guide line
CC
Attached
•
•
•
•
•
•
인사말: Dear Dr. Jung
목적: I am writing to arrange a meeting
맺는말: I am looking forward to hearing from you.
첨부
Sincerely yours, Best regards
이름 및 직책
193
194
부록
195
주
일
강의 내용
1
8.27
서론, 강의 개요 설명
2
9.3
생물 일반 용어
3
9.10
유전 용어
4
9.17
자기 소개 및 Presentation 요령
5
9.24
Presentation 요령
6
10.1
공휴일
7
10.8
자기소개 프리젠테이션 test
8
10.15
유전 공학 용어
9
10.22
10
10.29
영문서신 및 추천서 작성, 이력서 작성
11
11.5
생활 영어 회화 강의
12
11.12
job interview 요령
13
11.19
job interview 연습, 시사 용어
14
11.26
신문, 잡지 기사 해석
15
12.3
Job interview test
16
12.10
중간고사
기말고사
196
학점 평가 비중
구분
발표 1
중간고사
과제
발표2
기말고사
학습태도
계
비중(%)
10
presentation
30
시험 점수
5
10
40
5
자기
Job
시험
출석
내용
이력서 작성
interview
점수
및 수업 태도
100
197
평가 방법

중간 및 기말고사(70%)
 교재에 있는 내용에서 구문 해석이나 영작의 형태로 출제

Communication (20%)
1. 자기 소개 presentation
 이름, 고향, 가족 사항, 취미, 관심 분야, 장래 희망 등에 등 간단한 자
기 소개로서
 소개할 내용을 파워포인트로 작성하여 3분간 영어로 프리젠테이션 함
2. Job interview
 실제 취업에 대비한 interview 상황을 가정하여 회사 담당자와 면담
 지원동기, 채용 당위성, 희망 연봉 등에 관한 질의 응답
 간단한 생활 영어 회화를 중심으로 진행
 레포트 (5%)
 자기 소개서 및 이력서를 영문으로 작성하여 제출
 학습태도 (5%)
 출석이나 지각 여부보다는 학생이 수업에 임하는 태도를 중점적으로
평가
198
재시험 및 동점자 처리 규정
• 재시험 규정
 레포트 발표 시 참석하지 않은 학생이나 중간 고사를 치르지
못한 학생에 대해 정규시험 이후 교수와 학생이 합의한 날에
실시한다
 재시험 문제는 정규시험과 다른 논술형 또는 구술문제이며 정
규시험보다 어렵게 출제된다
 질병, 군입대 및 기타 개인 사정 등으로 인해 기말고사를 치르
지 못한 학생의 경우 학습 태도, 기존의 레포트 발표, 중간고사
점수 및 시험의 난이도 등을 참작하여 교수가 기말고사점수를
결정한다
• 동점자 처리 규정
 총점이 동점인 경우 출석 및 학습태도를 근거로 교수 재량으로
결정
 기타 사항
 정당한 사유 없이 시험을 치르지 않은 학생이나 재시험을 치른
학생의 최고 학점은 B+이다
참고문헌
 본 파워포인트 교재는 다음의 내용을 참고로 하여 작성
되었음
• 국내외에서 발간된 생명공학 및 유전공학 관련 영문 전
문서적과 인터넷 자료
• 최근 외국에서 발행된 신문 기사 등에서 발췌한 내용
• 국내에서 최근 발간된 “취업 영어”, “영어 프리젠테이
션”, “비즈니스 영어회화” “영문법” 등의 서적