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Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Assessment Chapter Test B Genes and DNA USING KEY TERMS Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below. Each term may be used only once. Some terms may not be used. nucleotides mutations ribosome mutagens genetic engineering cytosine thymine insertion 1. DNA is composed of subunits known as ______________________. 2. Chargaff’s rules state that the amount of ______________________ in DNA is always equal to the amount of guanine. 3. When scientists transfer genes from one organism to another, it is called ______________________. 4. When sequences of base pairs are copied incorrectly, they are called ______________________. 5. Examples of chemical ______________________ include asbestos and chemicals found in cigarette smoke. UNDERSTANDING KEY IDEAS Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided. _____ 6. The code for a given amino acid consists of how many bases? a. one c. three b. two d. four _____ 7. What materials make up each nucleotide in a DNA molecule? a. mRNA, tRNA, and a ribosome b. sugar, phosphate, and base c. chromosomes and genes d. amino acid, base, and protein _____ 8. Some genetic disorders, such as sickle cell disease, are due to a. a ribosome. c. a DNA fingerprint. b. a mutation. d. genetic engineering. _____ 9. The complementary strand to the DNA sequence TAGTCA is a. ATGAGT. c. GTAGAT. b. GACAGT. d. ATCAGT. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and Technology 40 Genes and DNA Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Chapter Test B continued _____ 10. What determines how tall you grow and whether your hair is curly or straight? a. a chromatid b. RNA c. proteins d. ultraviolet radiation _____ 11. Which item is genetic engineering NOT currently used for? a. to genetically alter plants b. to repair damaged genes c. to manufacture proteins d. to create natural gas 12. What are the three types of mutations? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 13. Are all mutations harmful? Explain your answer. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 14. Explain how Rosalind Franklin’s X-ray diffraction images helped Watson and Crick make a model of DNA. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 15. Describe how a DNA molecule makes a copy of itself. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and Technology 41 Genes and DNA Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Chapter Test B continued CRITICAL THINKING 16. Tell about a problem that our increasing genetic knowledge could solve in the future. Give specifics. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 17. Compare the process of DNA replication when a cell divides and the process of making a protein. What is different about the two processes? What is the same? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 18. Describe a nucleotide. What are the parts that make up a nucleotide? What are the differences in the four types of nucleotides? What larger things is a nucleotide part of? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and Technology 42 Genes and DNA Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Chapter Test B continued CONCEPT MAPPING 19. Use the following terms to complete the concept map below: genitic information ribosomes chromosomes DNA nucleotide bases Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and Technology 43 Genes and DNA