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UNIT 2 REVIEW Life Science Unit 2 Lesson 13 Review Unit 2 Lesson 14 Unit Assessment Attendance Link: http://goo.gl/forms/2XYwuolx2W OBJECTIVES • Explain the fundamental relationship between DNA, RNA, and proteins. • Identify the cell as the basic unit of structure and function in all living things. • Describe how chemical functions of organisms start and are carried out within a cell and how material moves in and out of the cell. • Explain the structure and function of the parts of a cell. • Compare and contrast plant and animal cells. • Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. • Describe the purpose and process of cell division. A SCIENTIST FINDS AN UNUSUAL LIVING THING AND DECIDES TO STUDY IT. WHICH OBSERVATION INDICATES THAT THE LIVING THING IS AMONG THE SMALLEST TYPES OF LIVING THINGS? A. It is muliticellular B. If does not have a nucleus C. It possesses a hard outer shell D. It possesses a membrane- bound nucleus. A SCIENTIST FINDS AN UNUSUAL LIVING THING AND DECIDES TO STUDY IT. WHICH OBSERVATION INDICATES THAT THE LIVING THING IS AMONG THE SMALLEST TYPES OF LIVING THINGS? A. It is muliticellular B. If does not have a nucleus C. It possesses a hard outer shell D. It possesses a membrane- bound nucleus. • Answer – B – Prokaryotic cells are smaller then even one celled eukaryotic cells. So if they observed a living thing that was among the smallest of the living, they might be viewing a bacteria cell. – Which option is talking only about bacteria? – A and D both talk about eukaryotic cells. – C can be either prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell. WHICH FEATURE IS FOUND IN BOTH PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS? A. Lysosome B. Nucleus C. Nucleoid D. Cytoplasm WHICH FEATURE IS FOUND IN BOTH PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS? A. Lysosome B. Nucleus C. Nucleoid D. Cytoplasm • Answer – D – Lysosomes & nuclei are only in eukaryotic cells. – Nucleoid is only in prokaryotic cells. – Cytoplasm is the only thing the have in common. WHICH TWO CELLULAR STRUCTURES PROVIDE PROTECTION TO THE CELL? A. nuclear membrane and vacuole B. cellular membrane and vacuole C. cellular membrane and cell wall D. ribosomes and nuclear membrane WHICH TWO CELLULAR STRUCTURES PROVIDE PROTECTION TO THE CELL? A. nuclear membrane and vacuole B. cellular membrane and vacuole C. cellular membrane and cell wall D. ribosomes and nuclear membrane • Answer – C – The key here is protection. Which – – – – organelle(s) is use to protect the cell? The nuclear membrane protects the nucleus only. The vacuole is storage, not protection. Ribosomes help make proteins. So the only ones listed that are used in the protection of the cell are the cellular (plasma) membrane and the cell wall. WHICH TWO FEATURES INDICATE THAT A CELL IS A PLANT CELL AND NOT AN ANIMAL CELL? A. cell membrane, large size B. central vacuole, mitochondria C. chloroplasts, cell wall D. ribosomes, green color CODE WORD: Awesome WHICH TWO FEATURES INDICATE THAT A CELL IS A PLANT CELL AND NOT AN ANIMAL CELL? A. cell membrane, large size B. central vacuole, mitochondria C. chloroplasts, cell wall D. ribosomes, green color • Answer – C – Think about what you can find in a leaf – – – – cell vs a cell from your body. Both would have a cell membrane and some of your cell are smaller then a leaf cell. Both plants and animals have mitochondria as organelles. The both have ribosomes to help them make proteins. However, your body does not have a cell wall or chloroplasts. WHICH STRUCTURES ARE COMMON TO BOTH PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS? A. a nucleoid and a cell membrane B. lysosome and genetic material C. a nucleus and a cell wall D. ribosomes and mitochondria WHICH STRUCTURES ARE COMMON TO BOTH PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS? A. a nucleoid and a cell membrane B. lysosome and genetic material C. a nucleus and a cell wall D. ribosomes and mitochondria • Answer – D – Nucleoids are only in prokaryotic cells. Both plant and animal cells are eukaryotic. – Lysosomes are only found in animal cells not in plants. – Cell walls are only in plants. – Both plants and animals have ribosomes and mitochondria. WHICH ORGANELLES ARE FOUND IN BOTH PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS? A. lysosomes and cell membrane B. cell membrane and vacuole C. Ribosomes and mitochondria D. cytoplasm and cell wall WHICH ORGANELLES ARE FOUND IN BOTH PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS? A. lysosomes and cell membrane B. cell membrane and vacuole C. Ribosomes and mitochondria • Answer – C – They both do have a cell membrane, D. cytoplasm and cell wall – – – – however cell membrane is not paired with another organelle that can be found in both. Lysosomes are only animal Vacuoles are only plants They both have cytoplasm but only plants have a cell wall. They both, however, have ribosomes and mitochondria. WHICH PHRASE DESCRIBES THE FUNCTION OF RIBOSOMES? A. Break down materials for the cell B. Are used for motility C. Assists in forming proteins D. Are used to control the cell’s water content. WHICH PHRASE DESCRIBES THE FUNCTION OF RIBOSOMES? A. Break down materials for the cell B. Are used for motility C. Assists in forming proteins D. Are used to control the cell’s water content. • Answer – C – When we talk about breaking anything down in the cell think about the lysosomes. – When talking about motility (movement) think about the cilia and flagella. – When you see anything about control of water content think about the vacuole in plant cells. – Ribosomes are used to read the mRNA and helps make chains of polypeptides that are used to make proteins. WHICH PHRASE BEST DESCRIBES THE FUNCTION OF CILIA? A. Allow the cell to be motile B. Assist with protein production C. Allow the cell to use energy D. Assist with cellular respiration WHICH PHRASE BEST DESCRIBES THE FUNCTION OF CILIA? A. Allow the cell to be motile B. Assist with protein production C. Allow the cell to use energy D. Assist with cellular respiration • Answer – A – Remember that any thing with protein production is going to have a ribosome – When you see cellular respiration or energy think about the powerhouse of the cell. • Mitochondria – Remember that the cilia are the hair like organelles that are on the outside of some cells to help them move. WHICH IS A MAJOR FUNCTION OF DIFFUSION IN CELLS? A. to produce proteins B. to carry out mitosis C. to convert food into energy D. to get rid of waste material WHICH IS A MAJOR FUNCTION OF DIFFUSION IN CELLS? A. to produce proteins B. to carry out mitosis C. to convert food into energy D. to get rid of waste material • Answer – D – Remember that diffusion is the movement of molecules in and out of the cell. – So it does not help with protein production, it does not carry out mitosis, or does it help with energy conversion of food. WHICH PHRASE BEST DESCRIBES OSMOSIS? A. the process where DNA is created B. the movement of molecules through the cell membrane C. the division process of the cell's cytoplasm D. the movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration WHICH PHRASE BEST DESCRIBES OSMOSIS? A. the process where DNA is created B. the movement of molecules through the cell membrane C. the division process of the cell's cytoplasm D. the movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration • Answer – D – Osmosis is a subgroup to diffusion. – So it too has to do with the movement of molecules. – However, they differ because osmosis is just water moving between a semipermeable membrane. – Remember the concentrations on both sides of the semi-permeable membrane want to be the same. Water moves until this happens. A scientist is studying a unicellular organism. The organism normally looks like image A. Then the scientist places the cell in two different solutions. In the first solution, the cell changes to look like image B. In the second solution, it changes to look like image C. Which statement describes the solution and process that would cause a cell to look like the cell labeled B? A. Too much sugar water moved out of the cell. B. Too much water moved into the cell. C. Too much saline moved into the cell. D. Too much water moved out of the cell. A scientist is studying a unicellular organism. The organism normally looks like image A. Then the scientist places the cell in two different solutions. In the first solution, the cell changes to look like image B. In the second solution, it changes to look like image C. Which statement describes the solution and process that would cause a cell to look like the cell labeled B? A. Too much sugar water moved out of the cell. B. Too much water moved into the cell. C. Too much saline moved into the cell. D. Too much water moved out of the cell. • Answer • B • Think about plant cells and how they look when you don’t water them and when you water them to much. What happens if you don’t water them? The water leaves the cell to areas they need it. • So if the cell starts off looking like A then becomes B, what moved into the cell? Water, remember we are talking about osmosis. • So water goes in and the cell swells. THE SMALL CIRCLES REPRESENT MOLECULES OF OXYGEN. WHICH BEST DESCRIBES HOW THE OXYGEN MOLECULES WILL MOVE DURING DIFFUSION? A. Oxygen will diffuse from an area of higher concentration (outside the cell) to an area of lower concentration (inside the cell). B. Oxygen will diffuse from an area of lower concentration (outside the cell) to an area of higher concentration (inside the cell). C. Oxygen will diffuse from an area of lower concentration (inside the cell) to an area of higher concentration (outside the cell). D. Oxygen will diffuse from an area of higher concentration (inside the cell) to an area of lower concentration (outside the cell). THE SMALL CIRCLES REPRESENT MOLECULES OF OXYGEN. WHICH BEST DESCRIBES HOW THE OXYGEN MOLECULES WILL MOVE DURING DIFFUSION? A. Oxygen will diffuse from an area of higher concentration (outside the cell) to an area of lower concentration (inside the cell). B. Oxygen will diffuse from an area of lower concentration (outside the cell) to an area of higher concentration (inside the cell). C. Oxygen will diffuse from an area of lower concentration (inside the cell) to an area of higher concentration (outside the cell). D. Oxygen will diffuse from an area of higher concentration (inside the cell) to an area of lower concentration (outside the cell). First count the number on the inside of the cell vs the outside. This will help you see which area has more oxygen (therefore having a higher concentration) and which one is the lower concentration. Then see if there are any options that you can delete because they don’t match up with the drawing. A & C both say that outside has the higher concentration. So out of B and D which one as the Oxygen diffusing correctly? They always move from higher to lower concentration. WHICH STATEMENT BEST DESCRIBES THE ROLE OF DNA IN RELATION TO RNA AND PROTEINS? A. DNA is made from RNA, which is created from proteins. B. Proteins are made from RNA, which is created from DNA. C. RNA is made from DNA, which is created from proteins. D. Proteins are made from DNA, which is created from RNA. WHICH STATEMENT BEST DESCRIBES THE ROLE OF DNA IN RELATION TO RNA AND PROTEINS? A. DNA is made from RNA, which is created from proteins. B. Proteins are made from RNA, which is created from DNA. C. RNA is made from DNA, which is created from proteins. D. Proteins are made from DNA, which is created from RNA. • Answer – B – Remember the steps to go from the base information to a protein. – The DNA is read and mRNA is made from that. – Then the mRNA is read and the protein is made. – So only B is in the right order. WHICH PHRASE BEST DESCRIBES DNA? A. the structure that sends signals to other parts of the cell B. the molecule that contains all the instructions for life C. the molecule that is formed by the action of RNA D. the structure directly responsible for controlling osmosis WHICH PHRASE BEST DESCRIBES DNA? A. the structure that sends signals to other parts of the cell B. the molecule that contains all the instructions for life C. the molecule that is formed by the action of RNA D. the structure directly responsible for controlling osmosis • Answer – B – Remember osmosis is not controlled it just happens depending on the concentration levels. – RNA makes proteins not DNA. – DNA is the instruction or code for life. WHICH PHRASE BEST DESCRIBES CELLULAR RESPIRATION? A. the process where energy from food is used by the cell B. the process where water molecules move across a membrane C. the process by which the cytoplasm physically divides D. the process where molecules' movements balance out their distribution WHICH PHRASE BEST DESCRIBES CELLULAR RESPIRATION? A. the process where energy from food is used by the cell B. the process where water molecules move across a membrane • Answer – A – Remember the cellular respiration C. the process by which the cytoplasm physically divides – D. the process where molecules' movements balance out their distribution – – – is the opposite of photosynthesis and takes place in the mitochondria. So it takes the energy we get from food (glucose) and make it into energy that the cell can use. B is talking about osmosis. C is talking about cytokinesis. D is talking about diffusion. WHICH IS ONE PURPOSE OF CELL DIVISION? A. to create proteins B. to expend energy C. to find food D. to help the organism grow WHICH IS ONE PURPOSE OF CELL DIVISION? A. to create proteins B. to expend energy • Answer – D C. to find food – Cell division is mitosis. D. to help the organism grow – So why do cell undergo mitosis? • To help the organism to grow – Creating proteins is linked with RNA. – Finding food and expending energy has nothing to do with cell division. – Remember our cells like to do whatever takes the least amount of energy. THIS ILLUSTRATION DRAWN BY A SCIENTIST IS BASED ON OBSERVATIONS OF A CELL UNDER A MICROSCOPE. WHICH STATEMENT BEST DESCRIBES THE METAPHASE OF MITOSIS? A. In this stage, the chromosomes separate and move apart. B. In this stage, the chromosomes arrange themselves in a plane across the cell's center. C. Spindle fibers begin to form in this stage. D. The chromosomes are on opposite sides of the cell and are part of new nuclei in this stage. THIS ILLUSTRATION DRAWN BY A SCIENTIST IS BASED ON OBSERVATIONS OF A CELL UNDER A MICROSCOPE. WHICH STATEMENT BEST DESCRIBES THE METAPHASE OF MITOSIS? A. In this stage, the chromosomes separate and move apart. B. In this stage, the chromosomes arrange themselves in a plane across the cell's center. C. Spindle fibers begin to form in this stage. D. The chromosomes are on opposite sides of the cell and are part of new nuclei in this stage. With this one you have to have an understanding of what each stage of mitosis looks like. A is talking about anaphase. C is part of prophase. D is talking about telophase. Remember that metaphase is when the pairs of chromosomes line up at the center line of the cell. QUESTIONS? • Make sure you have your Study Island pathways completed. • Make sure that you have all lessons mastered in this unit. • We will start Unit 3 on Monday. • You have a lesson check point to view tomorrow.