* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download powerpoint
Community fingerprinting wikipedia , lookup
Biochemistry wikipedia , lookup
RNA interference wikipedia , lookup
Protein adsorption wikipedia , lookup
Messenger RNA wikipedia , lookup
Bottromycin wikipedia , lookup
Promoter (genetics) wikipedia , lookup
Genetic code wikipedia , lookup
List of types of proteins wikipedia , lookup
Gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids wikipedia , lookup
Molecular cloning wikipedia , lookup
Polyadenylation wikipedia , lookup
Molecular evolution wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
DNA supercoil wikipedia , lookup
RNA polymerase II holoenzyme wikipedia , lookup
Two-hybrid screening wikipedia , lookup
Eukaryotic transcription wikipedia , lookup
Transcriptional regulation wikipedia , lookup
RNA silencing wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Epitranscriptome wikipedia , lookup
Biosynthesis wikipedia , lookup
Silencer (genetics) wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding RNA wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
Chromosome Structure III. "Spending" Energy I: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA Function 1. Information Storage - these nucleic acids are recipes for proteins... the linear sequence of A, T, C, and G's in these molecules determines the linear sequence of amino acids that will be linked together to form a protein. III. "Spending" Energy I: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA Function 1. Information Storage - these nucleic acids are recipes for proteins... the linear sequence of A, T, C, and G's in these molecules determines the linear sequence of amino acids that will be linked together to form a protein. 2. Catalytic Action - some RNA molecules catalyze reactions; they act like proteinaceous enzymes. (Ribozymes) III. "Spending" Energy I: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA Function 1. Information Storage - these nucleic acids are recipes for proteins... the linear sequence of A, T, C, and G's in these molecules determines the linear sequence of amino acids that will be linked together to form a protein. 2. Catalytic Action - some RNA molecules catalyze reactions; they act like proteinaceous enzymes. (Ribozymes) 3. Some RNA molecules bind to RNA or RNA and regulate the expression of these molecules, turning them off. III. "Spending" Energy I: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA Function C. HOW they work - Protein Synthesis III. "Spending" Energy I: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA Function C. HOW they work - Protein Synthesis 1. Overview: a. Two step process transcription: DNA is read, RNA is made III. "Spending" Energy I: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA Function C. HOW they work - Protein Synthesis 1. Overview: a. Two step process transcription: DNA is read, RNA is made translation: RNA is read, protein is made III. "Spending" Energy I: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA Function C. HOW they work - Protein Synthesis 1. Overview: a. Two step process transcription: DNA is read, RNA is made translation: RNA is read, protein is made b. Why two steps? Isn't that inefficient? III. "Spending" Energy I: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA Function C. HOW they work - Protein Synthesis 1. Overview: a. Two step process transcription: DNA is read, RNA is made translation: RNA is read, protein is made b. Why two steps? Isn't that inefficient? historical effect of how the system evolved III. "Spending" Energy I: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA Function C. HOW they work - Protein Synthesis 1. Overview: a. Two step process transcription: DNA is read, RNA is made translation: RNA is read, protein is made b. Why two steps? Isn't that inefficient? historical effect of how the system evolved greater productivity III. "Spending" Energy I: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA Function C. HOW they work - Protein Synthesis 2. Transcription - DNA is "read" and RNA is made III. "Spending" Energy I: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA Function C. HOW they work - Protein Synthesis 2. Transcription - DNA is "read" and RNA is made - an enzyme binds to DNA in a specific region G TA C G G T C AT G AAA C T G CAT G C CAG TAC TTT GAC III. "Spending" Energy I: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA Function C. HOW they work - Protein Synthesis 2. Transcription - DNA is "read" and RNA is made - an enzyme binds to DNA in a specific region - the DNA "unzips" G TA C G G T C AT G AAA C T G CAT G C CAG TAC TTT GAC III. "Spending" Energy I: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA Function C. HOW they work - Protein Synthesis 2. Transcription - DNA is "read" and RNA is made - an enzyme binds to DNA in a specific region - the DNA "unzips" - the enzyme links together RNA bases that are complementary to one of the DNA strands. G TA C G G T C AT G AAA C T G CAUGC CAT G C CAG TAC TTT GAC III. "Spending" Energy I: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA Function C. HOW they work - Protein Synthesis 2. Transcription - DNA is "read" and RNA is made - an enzyme binds to DNA in a specific region - the DNA "unzips" - the enzyme links together RNA bases that are complementary to one of the DNA strands. G TA C G G T C AT G AAA C T G CAUGCCAGUACUUUGAC CAT G C CAG TAC TTT GAC III. "Spending" Energy I: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA Function C. HOW they work - Protein Synthesis 2. Transcription - DNA is "read" and RNA is made - an enzyme binds to DNA in a specific region - the DNA "unzips" - the enzyme links together RNA bases that are complementary to one of the DNA strands. - So, a DNA GENE was "read" and an m-RNA "copy" was made G TA C G G T C AT G AAA C T G CAUGCCAGUACUUUGAC CAT G C CAG TAC TTT GAC III. "Spending" Energy I: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS A. DNA and RNA Structure B. DNA and RNA Function C. HOW they work - Protein Synthesis 2. Transcription - DNA is "read" and RNA is made 3. Translation - m-RNA is "read" and a Protein is made 3. Translation - m-RNA is "read" and a Protein is made - in the cytoplasm, a Ribosome binds to the m-RNA CAUGCCAGUACUUUGAC 3. Translation - m-RNA is "read" and a Protein is made - in the cytoplasm, a Ribosome binds to the m-RNA - it "reads" to find the first "AUG" sequence CAUGCCAGUACUUUGAC 3. Translation - m-RNA is "read" and a Protein is made - in the cytoplasm, a Ribosome binds to the m-RNA - it "reads" to find the first "AUG" sequence - another type of RNA binds, carrying a specific AA CAUGCCAGUACUUUGAC met 3. Translation - m-RNA is "read" and a Protein is made - in the cytoplasm, a Ribosome binds to the m-RNA - it "reads" to find the first "AUG" sequence - another type of RNA binds, carrying a specific AA - the ribosome "reads" the next 3-bases and links the next AA to the first...(where does it get the energy to make the bond?) CAUGCCAGUACUUUGAC met pro 3. Translation - m-RNA is "read" and a Protein is made - in the cytoplasm, a Ribosome binds to the m-RNA - it "reads" to find the first "AUG" sequence - another type of RNA binds, carrying a specific AA - the ribosome "reads" the next 3-bases and links the next AA to the first - this continues until a "stop signal" is reached... CAUGCCAGUACUUUGAC met pro val 3. Translation - m-RNA is "read" and a Protein is made - in the cytoplasm, a Ribosome binds to the m-RNA - it "reads" to find the first "AUG" sequence - another type of RNA binds, carrying a specific AA - the ribosome "reads" the next 3-bases and links the next AA to the first - this continues until a "stop signal" is reached... CAUGCCAGUACUUUGAC met pro val leu 3. Translation - m-RNA is "read" and a Protein is made - in the cytoplasm, a Ribosome binds to the m-RNA - it "reads" to find the first "AUG" sequence - another type of RNA binds, carrying a specific AA - the ribosome "reads" the next 3-bases and links the next AA to the first - this continues until a "stop signal" is reached... CAUGCCAGUACUUUGAC met pro val leu "stop" C. HOW they work - Protein Synthesis 2. Transcription - DNA is "read" and RNA is made 3. Translation - m-RNA is "read" and a Protein is made 4. Summary: So, the linear sequence of A, T, C, and G's in DNA ultimately determined the sequence of AA's linked together to form a protein. DNA is a recipe for proteins. A DNA recipe = GENE G TA C G G T C AT G AAA C T G CAT G C CAG TACTTT GAC CAUGCCAGUACUUUGAC met pro val leu