Download The Cell

The Cell
Chapter 2, Lesson 2
What questions will we be
answering in Lesson 2?
 How
are prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic
cells similar and how are they different?
 What
do the structures in a cell do?
Cell Shapes & Movement
 Cells
have
many
shapes
and sizes
Cell Shapes & Movement
 Cell
shape
is related
to its
function
Cell Membrane
A
flexible covering that protects the inside
of a cell from the environment outside a
cell
 Made


of two different macromolecules
Phospholipids (a type of lipid)
Proteins
A CELL MEMBRANE IS SEMIPERMEABLE
 This
means it will
allow some things
to pass through it
but not others
Cell Wall

A stiff structure outside the cell membrane

Found in plant cells, fungus cells, bacteria
and protists

NOT found in animal cells

Protects cell from viruses and other harmful
organisms

Helps maintain a plant’s shape
Cell Appendages

Often used for
movement

Types:

Flagella (whip-like
structure for
movement)

Cilia (short, hair-like
structures for
movement)


https://www.youtube
.com/watch?v=fI7nE
WUjk3A (Euglena w/
flagellum)
https://www.youtube
.com/watch?v=HXcE
ACQv5-8
(paramecium w/
cilia)
Cytoplasm and Cytoskeleton
Cytoplasm
 Fluid
inside a cell
that contains salts
and other
molecules
Cytoskeleton
 Network of
threadlike proteins
that are joined
together to form a
framework inside
cell
 Gives cell shape
and helps it move
Organelles in a Cell
Cytoplasm
 Fluid
 Contains
salts and
other substances
 Contains
the
cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton

Contained within the
cytoplasm

Threadlike series of
proteins

Gives cell its shape
and helps it move
Organelles in a Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus

Usually the largest
organelle in the cell
 Found
within the
nucleus

The genetic
information in the
DNA is organized into
chromosomes
 Makes
ribosomes
Organelles in a Cell
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Ribosomes

Produce proteins

Not surrounded by a
membrane

Found in cytoplasm,
attached to the
Endoplasmic
reticulum

A web-like organelle that
spreads from the nucleus
throughout most of the
cytoplasm

Considered “Rough ER” if
ribosomes are attached –
produces protein

Considered “Smooth ER” if
there are no ribosomes
attached-produces lipids like
cholesterol
Organelles in a Cell
Mitochondria

Each cell can contain
hundreds of mitochondria
(can be thousands in the
heart cells)

Surrounded by two
membranes

Chemical reactions take
place within the
mitochondria which
produce energy
Chloroplasts
 Only
cells
found in plant
 Membrane
organelles
bound
Organelles in a Cell
Golgi Apparatus
 Prepares
proteins
for their jobs
 Packages
the
proteins into
vesicles for
transport
Vesicles
 In
animal cells, one
type of vesicle is a
lysosome.
Lysosomes help to
break down and
recycle cellular
waste
Organelles in a Cell
Vacuoles

Storage tanks – store
food, water and
waste

Plant cells usually
have one large
vacuole; animal cells
have several smaller
vacuoles
Chapter 2, Lesson 2 Vocab


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Cell membrane
Cell wall
Flagella
Cilia
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Ribosome
Endoplasmic reticulum
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Golgi apparatus
Vesicles
Vacuole
 Define
these
vocabulary words
on index cards and
begin studying
them.
 Vocabulary
Quiz
on Tuesday, Oct. 4