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Lesson 2.2 – THE CELL (NB p. 73-75) Compare cell parts: Cell part Description/Purpose Plant/Animal/Both B cell membrane a flexible covering made primarily of lipids protects the inside of the cell from the surrounding environment P cell wall a stiff structure outside the cell membrane protects against viruses, germs, fungi; maintains cell shape, gives structural support cytoplasm a fluid inside a cell that contains primarily water, salt B provides environment inside cell to store, move and process materials and all cell functions cytoskeleton network of threadlike proteins joined together; found throughout cytoplasm B provides support, maintains cell shape, aids in cell movement Identify and describe 2 cell appendages: Flagella – long, tail-like appendages, extensions of the cell membrane, made of cytoskeleton, to assist in movement Cilia - short, hair-like structures, extensions of the cell membrane, made of cytoskeleton, to assist in movement Classify cells as prokaryotic or eukaryotic: - cells’s genetic material is surrounded by a membrane – Eukaryotes cell is usually a single-celled organism – Prokaryotes cell is usually the smaller of the two types of cells – Prokaryotes cell contains organelles – Eukarotes (although Prokaryotic unicellular organisms have some organelles such as mitochondria and/or chloroplasts…) Identify 4 functions of cell organelles: - enable cells to carry out specialized functions such as obtaining energy from food, storing information, making macromolecules, and removing waste Classify information about organelles: Organelle Function Plant/Animal/Both nucleus directs cell activity; contains DNA B nucleolus found inside nucleus, makes ribosomes B ribosome found in cytoplasm; makes proteins B endoplasmic reticulum surrounds nucleus, spread throughout cytoplasm B rough ER assists ribosomes in making proteins B smooth ER makes lipids, removes waste B mitochondria processes energy for cell functions; site of cellular respiration B chloroplast makes glucose from sun and CO2 and H2O;site of photosynthesis P golgi apparatus prepares proteins for specific functions, packages proteins into vesicles B vesicle transport substances from one area of a cell to another B central vacuole stores water, food and waste in plant cells P lysosome breakdown and recycle materials in animal cells A Some cells contain chloroplasts that use light energy and produce food. Do cells w/o chloroplasts also depend on sunlight for their food? Explain Animal cells do not contain choloroplasts, and therefore cannot produce food directly from sun, water and CO2. Instead, animal cells obtain food from other living (or once living) organisms. Remember though, that both plant and animal cells undergo cellular respiration, i.e., they both have mitochondria to transform glucose into cell energy for cell functions, its just that plant cells can produce their own glucose from sun, water and CO2.