Download THE CELL - OnCourse

Lesson 2.2 – THE CELL (NB p. 73-75)
Compare cell parts:
Cell part
Description/Purpose
Plant/Animal/Both
B
cell membrane
a flexible covering made primarily of lipids
protects the inside of the cell from the
surrounding environment
P
cell wall
a stiff structure outside the cell membrane
protects against viruses, germs, fungi;
maintains cell shape, gives structural
support
cytoplasm
a fluid inside a cell that contains primarily
water, salt
B
provides environment inside cell to store,
move and process materials and all cell
functions
cytoskeleton
network of threadlike proteins joined
together; found throughout cytoplasm
B
provides support, maintains cell shape, aids
in cell movement
Identify and describe 2 cell appendages:
Flagella – long, tail-like appendages, extensions of the cell membrane, made of cytoskeleton, to assist in movement
Cilia - short, hair-like structures, extensions of the cell membrane, made of cytoskeleton, to assist in movement
Classify cells as prokaryotic or eukaryotic:
-
cells’s genetic material is surrounded by a membrane – Eukaryotes
cell is usually a single-celled organism – Prokaryotes
cell is usually the smaller of the two types of cells – Prokaryotes
cell contains organelles – Eukarotes
(although Prokaryotic unicellular organisms have some organelles such as mitochondria and/or chloroplasts…)
Identify 4 functions of cell organelles:
-
enable cells to carry out specialized functions such as obtaining energy from food, storing information, making
macromolecules, and removing waste
Classify information about organelles:
Organelle
Function
Plant/Animal/Both
nucleus
directs cell activity; contains DNA
B
nucleolus
found inside nucleus, makes ribosomes
B
ribosome
found in cytoplasm; makes proteins
B
endoplasmic
reticulum
surrounds nucleus, spread throughout cytoplasm
B
rough ER
assists ribosomes in making proteins
B
smooth ER
makes lipids, removes waste
B
mitochondria
processes energy for cell functions; site of cellular
respiration
B
chloroplast
makes glucose from sun and CO2 and H2O;site of
photosynthesis
P
golgi apparatus
prepares proteins for specific functions, packages
proteins into vesicles
B
vesicle
transport substances from one area of a cell to
another
B
central vacuole
stores water, food and waste in plant cells
P
lysosome
breakdown and recycle materials in animal cells
A
Some cells contain chloroplasts that use light energy and produce food. Do cells w/o chloroplasts also depend on sunlight
for their food? Explain
Animal cells do not contain choloroplasts, and therefore cannot produce food directly from sun, water and CO2. Instead,
animal cells obtain food from other living (or once living) organisms. Remember though, that both plant and animal cells
undergo cellular respiration, i.e., they both have mitochondria to transform glucose into cell energy for cell functions, its
just that plant cells can produce their own glucose from sun, water and CO2.