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Transcript
Hunting down the Alien (gene)! Lavanya Rishishwar School of Biology Primary Objectives • HGT o An understanding of HGT o Methods of analyzing HGTs o Finding candidate HGT regions in a genome • PAI o An understanding of PAI o Searching for PAIs using PAIdb and PAI Finder Part - I HORIZONTAL GENE TRANSFER (HGT) Introduction • HGT, also known as Lateral Gene Transfer (LGT), is the transfer of genetic material between organisms other than through vertical gene that studies vertical transfer of What is the science genes? transfer • They are “alien” regions in the genome (chromosome or plasmids) Mechanisms Why they are interesting? • Bacteria can steal a beneficial gene that arose in another cell instead of waiting for it to evolve, e.g. o Antibiotic Resistance o Pathogenecity • If a bacterium loses a gene, it can reacquire it through HGT Why they are interesting? • There is a limit to which it can acquire these genes: Bigger the genome, slower the replication • LGT may not always be functional: o o o o o o Non-coding LGT Duplicate copy Requires other genes Might disrupt a gene at the insertion site Might interfere with existing function Acquiring a selfish gene – e.g. a viral insertion How can we detect them? Part - II PATHOGENICITY ISLANDS Introduction HGT! • They are mobile genetic elements that confer virulence to a pathogen • Could be located on the chromosome or the plasmid PAIdb and PAI Finder • https://www.gem.re.kr/paidb/ Part - III UTILITY An example
