Download THE CELL – STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION All living things are

THE CELL – STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
All living things are composed of cells. Although individual cells may
be modified to perform specific functions, most animal and plant cells share
many basic structures.
Important cellular terms:
1. PROKARYOTE: a cell without a true nucleus ex. bacteria
2. EUKARYOTE: a cell with a true nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles
3. ORGANELLES: specialized structures within a cell that carry out
specific functions (mini-organs)
4. EXTRACELLULAR: outside the cell
Ex. extracellular fluid – liquid outside cell
5. INTRACELLULAR: inside the cell
6. CYTOSOL: aqueous solution inside cell (70% water)
7. VESICLES : membrane – bound structures
Job- carry products within cell to be processed
The EUKARYOTIC cell is made up of THREE distinct regions:
· Cell (plasma) membrane – outside
· Cytoplasm- inside ( made up of cytosol and organelles )
- Living material of the cell, where all LIFE functions occur
· Nucleus – centre ( contains the genetic material DNA )
cell ( plasma ) membrane
nucleus
cytoplasm
CELL PART
STRUCTURE
FUNCTION
1. Cell (plasma) membrane -bilayer of PHOSPHOLIPIDS - controls what enters
with proteins and
or leaves cell
carbohydrates
2. Cell Wall
- PLANTS only
- made of CELLULOSE
- protects and
supports
3. Nucleus
- round, surrounded by
nuclear membrane
(envelope)
- BRAIN of cell
- controls all cell
activities
a) Nucleolus
- round , inside nucleus
b) Chromatin
- made up of nucleic acids
(DNA & RNA)
- visible called
chromosomes
- 2N=46 (human)
- helps produce
ribosomes
- genetic material
- contains the
genetic code
- info to make all
cell proteins
c) Nucleoplasm
- aqueous solution
- life functions
ORGANELLES
4. Mitochondria
- ROD shaped
- inner folds: CRISTAE
- fluid: MATRIX
- BATTERY
- produces ENERGY
- site of CR ( cellular
respiration)
5. Ribosomes
- 30 nm in diameter
- free-floating or on ER
- produce proteins
(protein synthesis)
- free – INSIDE
- on ER – OUT
6. Golgi Apparatus
- stack of flattened balloons
- membranes
- changes fats and
proteins made at ER
- PACKAGES them
in VESICLES
7. Endoplasmic Reticulum
rough
smooth
8. Plastids
- complicated system of
membranous tubes
a) rER- with ribosomes
b) sER- no ribosomes
- connects nucleus to
cell membrane (out)
- helps make protein
- produce fat molecules
- plants only
- free floating
a) CHLOROPLASTS - contain GREEN pigment
CHLOROPHYLL
b) Amyloplast
- colourless
c) Chromoplasts
- contains red,orange,
and yellow pigments
- site of PS
(PHOTOSYNTHESIS)
- stores sugars and starches
- gives plants colour
9. Vacuoles
- one large sac (plant)
- many small (animal)
10. Lysosomes
- sacs containing digestive
enzymes
- “suicide sacs “
11. Centrioles
- animals only
- 2 near nucleus
- stores water and
dissolved materials
- produces turgor pressure
against cell wall for
support
- contain enzymes to break
down molecules
- help destroy bacteria
- APOPTOSIS: cell
suicide, helps remove dead
cells (tadpole
metamorphosis)
- help during cell division
(mitosis)
Informative Web Sites:
· http://www.cellsalive.com/index.htm
· http://www.ibiblio.org/virtualcell/index.htm
· http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/cells/
Assignment: Try this practice QUIZ. Go to this website and do Quiz Sections1.1-1.3
http://www.nelson.com/nelson/school/secondary/science/0176265252/studquizzes.html