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AP Biology
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Chapter 15 Baboon/11 Bat Guided Reading Assignment
This chapter is often considered difficult as you have not covered it in your introductory biology course.
Plan on reading this chapter at least twice and go slowly. I would suggest that you read the key
concepts in bold first and then for each concept, look at the headings, then the figures and then read.
1. What is a signal transduction pathway?
2. How do yeast cells communicate while mating?
3. How do intercellular connections function in cell to cell communication?
4. Explain the two types of local signaling:
a. Paracrine signaling
b. Synaptic signaling
5. How are long distance signals sent?
6. Explain Sutherland’s investigations with epinephrine and the inferences that were derived from this
work.
7. Define the three stages of cell communication:
a. Reception
b. Transduction
c. Response
8. What is a ligand?
9. What is special about intracellular receptors – hint think of the structure of the cell membrane and
how this relates?
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10. Label the diagram below of a steroid interacting with an intracellular receptor.
11. Where would you expect most water soluble messengers to bind and why?
12. What is a G-protein-linked receptor?
13. G-protein-linked receptors
a. Explain where a G-protein-linked receptor is locatedb.
What happens when GDP is attached to the G protein the messenger-
c. What is the difference btwn GTP and GDP?
d. What is GTP’s role?
14. What is a kinase?
15. Tyrosine kinase receptors
a. How is a Tyrosine kinase receptor different from a G-protein linked receptor?
b. What is a dimer?
c. What attaches to the tyrosine molecules?
d. What action is promoted when this (above) happens?
16. Ligand gated
a. What is a ligand?
b. How would a channel/door/opening be controlled with a ligand?
c. Where are ligand gated channels located?
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17. What does conformation mean?
18. What is a signal transduction pathway?
19. Phosphorylation cascades are similar to a row of dominoes falling down, instead of one domino
knocking down the next, a phosphate being added activates the message.
20. What are protein phosphatases and why are they so important?
21. What are second messengers and what are two characteristics of a second messenger?
22. What did Sutherland find in his experiments with regard to cyclic AMP and why is this important?
23. What is adenylyl cyclase?
24.
Complete the diagram below of cAMP as second messenger:
25. How does cholera connect with the concepts of cell to cell communication?
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26. How and why are the calcium concentrations kept different and separate comparing the
endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and cytoplasm?
27.
Label the diagram below showing calcium and IP3 in a cell.
28. How is signal amplification accomplished in the cell?
29. How is specificity accomplished in cell signaling?
30. What is a scaffolding protein and why is it important?
31. How is termination of a signal accomplished and why is it so important that termination be
accomplished?
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