Repair of larynx, trachea, and other fibrocartilaginous tissues
... etal., J. Biol. Chem. 265:13198 (1990). [0004] Osteogenic proteins can stimulate the proliferation ...
... etal., J. Biol. Chem. 265:13198 (1990). [0004] Osteogenic proteins can stimulate the proliferation ...
7.013 Spring 2005 Problem Set 1Solutions
... You have identified a new, rapidly reproducing species of dog that you have named the “mitbull”. The mitbull is diploid and two autosomal chromosomes are shown. One chromosome carries gene A with two alleles designated A and a. The other chromosome carries gene B with two alleles designated B and b. ...
... You have identified a new, rapidly reproducing species of dog that you have named the “mitbull”. The mitbull is diploid and two autosomal chromosomes are shown. One chromosome carries gene A with two alleles designated A and a. The other chromosome carries gene B with two alleles designated B and b. ...
Carnitine metabolism and biosynthesis in yeast Saccharomyces
... carnitine shuttle, is supported by the activities of carnitine acyltransferases and carnitine/acylcarnitine transporters, and is reasonably well studied and understood. While this function remains the only metabolically well established role of carnitine, several studies have been reporting benefici ...
... carnitine shuttle, is supported by the activities of carnitine acyltransferases and carnitine/acylcarnitine transporters, and is reasonably well studied and understood. While this function remains the only metabolically well established role of carnitine, several studies have been reporting benefici ...
procite - UWI St. Augustine
... - Jim Apostolopoulos is the author of the PDOC00699 entry. - Brigitte Boeckmann is the author of the PDOC00691, PDOC00703, PDOC00829, PDOC00796, PDOC00798, PDOC00799, PDOC00906, PDOC00907, PDOC00908, PDOC00912, PDOC00913, PDOC00924, PDOC00928, PDOC00929, PDOC00955, PDOC00961, PDOC00966, PDOC00988 an ...
... - Jim Apostolopoulos is the author of the PDOC00699 entry. - Brigitte Boeckmann is the author of the PDOC00691, PDOC00703, PDOC00829, PDOC00796, PDOC00798, PDOC00799, PDOC00906, PDOC00907, PDOC00908, PDOC00912, PDOC00913, PDOC00924, PDOC00928, PDOC00929, PDOC00955, PDOC00961, PDOC00966, PDOC00988 an ...
Solutions to 7.014 Problem Set 1
... c) Describe the process that led to an O2 atmosphere on earth and how this change in atmospheric conditions influenced the course of evolution. At some point, photosynthetic organisms developed the ability to use the highly abundant H2O instead of H2S as a source of electrons. This released oxygen i ...
... c) Describe the process that led to an O2 atmosphere on earth and how this change in atmospheric conditions influenced the course of evolution. At some point, photosynthetic organisms developed the ability to use the highly abundant H2O instead of H2S as a source of electrons. This released oxygen i ...
Regulation of the phosphotransferase system (PTS)
... Glycolysis is the preferential and most effective catabolic pathway of most organisms for the utilisation of carbohydrates. It represents the process of conversion of glucose to pyruvate, in which a high number of basic precursors are made available to other metabolic pathways and the released energ ...
... Glycolysis is the preferential and most effective catabolic pathway of most organisms for the utilisation of carbohydrates. It represents the process of conversion of glucose to pyruvate, in which a high number of basic precursors are made available to other metabolic pathways and the released energ ...
Synthesis of Heme
... The Zn++ binding sites in the homo-octomeric mammalian Porphobilinogen Synthase, which include cysteine S ligands, can also bind Pb++ (lead). Inhibition of Porphobilinogen Synthase by Pb++ results in elevated blood ALA, as impaired heme synthesis leads to de-repression of transcription of the ALA S ...
... The Zn++ binding sites in the homo-octomeric mammalian Porphobilinogen Synthase, which include cysteine S ligands, can also bind Pb++ (lead). Inhibition of Porphobilinogen Synthase by Pb++ results in elevated blood ALA, as impaired heme synthesis leads to de-repression of transcription of the ALA S ...
Identification and Cloning of a Cryptococcal Deacetylase That
... distributed by DID, Milan, Italy) to 200 mi of dialyzable medium. The culture was incubateci under agitation at 30°C for 2 days and used to inoculate 2-liter aliquots of fresh medium to a density of IO4 cells per mi. Cultures were incubated under agitation with an orbitai shaker at 30°C and harveste ...
... distributed by DID, Milan, Italy) to 200 mi of dialyzable medium. The culture was incubateci under agitation at 30°C for 2 days and used to inoculate 2-liter aliquots of fresh medium to a density of IO4 cells per mi. Cultures were incubated under agitation with an orbitai shaker at 30°C and harveste ...
A STUDY OF THE ROLES OF SELECTED ARGININE AND
... the process is a very complex and thus requires a balance between clot formation (coagulation) and clot dissolution (fibrinolysis) (Figure 1-1). If the balance shifts toward coagulation, thrombotic events such as heart attack or stroke may occur. On the other hand, if the balance shifts toward fibri ...
... the process is a very complex and thus requires a balance between clot formation (coagulation) and clot dissolution (fibrinolysis) (Figure 1-1). If the balance shifts toward coagulation, thrombotic events such as heart attack or stroke may occur. On the other hand, if the balance shifts toward fibri ...
REGULATION OF CYTOCHROME P450 BY
... Background Information on P450 Since the introduction of modern molecular biology techniques allowing for the sequencing of entire genomes, researchers have identified and continue to discover many P450 enzymes in a wide variety of organisms. In order to systematically identify and categorize this g ...
... Background Information on P450 Since the introduction of modern molecular biology techniques allowing for the sequencing of entire genomes, researchers have identified and continue to discover many P450 enzymes in a wide variety of organisms. In order to systematically identify and categorize this g ...
Regulation of mitochondrial calcium in plants versus animals
... Ca2+ at much lower concentrations than most other intracellular inorganic ions, such as K+, Cl−, and Mg2+. Active extrusion of Ca2+ from the cytosol to the extracellular space, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, and the vacuole is necessary due to the chemical property of Ca2+ to bind anionic cel ...
... Ca2+ at much lower concentrations than most other intracellular inorganic ions, such as K+, Cl−, and Mg2+. Active extrusion of Ca2+ from the cytosol to the extracellular space, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, and the vacuole is necessary due to the chemical property of Ca2+ to bind anionic cel ...
Structural elements defining elongation factor Tu mediated
... that because of the weak affinity of these mischarged aatRNAs for EF-Tu, the binding is low enough to prevent effective competition with the homologous aa-tRNAs under physiological conditions. Thus, these non-cognate aa-tRNAs escape protein synthesis, and therefore do not lead to misreading of codons. ...
... that because of the weak affinity of these mischarged aatRNAs for EF-Tu, the binding is low enough to prevent effective competition with the homologous aa-tRNAs under physiological conditions. Thus, these non-cognate aa-tRNAs escape protein synthesis, and therefore do not lead to misreading of codons. ...
Purification and Characterization of Chorismate
... (Fig. 1), is monomeric in Euglena, whereas in all other anthranilate synthases characterized so far the chorismate and glutamine binding sites reside on distinct polypeptide chains (16). The synthesis of tryptophan from anthranilate is catalyzed by a single protein in Euglena (17), but in all other ...
... (Fig. 1), is monomeric in Euglena, whereas in all other anthranilate synthases characterized so far the chorismate and glutamine binding sites reside on distinct polypeptide chains (16). The synthesis of tryptophan from anthranilate is catalyzed by a single protein in Euglena (17), but in all other ...
Elucidating Flux Regulation of the Fermentation Modes of
... and IL1403 as well as the transcriptional activity of the enzymes in the mixed-acid fermentation pathways in the two strains. Chapter 3 reports the findings of the modulation of the expression of pyruvate formate-lyase and the control analysis of it in MG1363. Chapter 4 presents the characterization ...
... and IL1403 as well as the transcriptional activity of the enzymes in the mixed-acid fermentation pathways in the two strains. Chapter 3 reports the findings of the modulation of the expression of pyruvate formate-lyase and the control analysis of it in MG1363. Chapter 4 presents the characterization ...
Role of the glutamine transaminase-m-amidase
... Keywords : Rhipbium etli, glutamine transaminase, o-amidase, glutaminase, catabolism, symbiosis ...
... Keywords : Rhipbium etli, glutamine transaminase, o-amidase, glutaminase, catabolism, symbiosis ...
Metabolism of heme
... metals. the steps catalyzed by ALA dehydratase and ferrochelatase are inhibited by lead. 3. erythropoietin, EPO The kidneys also secrete a hormone called erythropoietin. The function of erythropoietin is to stimulate the production of red blood cells. The kidney produces 85~95% of the body's erythro ...
... metals. the steps catalyzed by ALA dehydratase and ferrochelatase are inhibited by lead. 3. erythropoietin, EPO The kidneys also secrete a hormone called erythropoietin. The function of erythropoietin is to stimulate the production of red blood cells. The kidney produces 85~95% of the body's erythro ...
Auxin: Regulation, Action, and Interaction
... endogenous auxin, or by hydrolysing IAA conjugates, in which IAA is linked to amino acids, sugars or peptides. To permanently inactivate IAA, plants can employ conjugation and direct oxidation. Consistent with its definition as a hormone, IAA can be transported the length of the plant from the shoot ...
... endogenous auxin, or by hydrolysing IAA conjugates, in which IAA is linked to amino acids, sugars or peptides. To permanently inactivate IAA, plants can employ conjugation and direct oxidation. Consistent with its definition as a hormone, IAA can be transported the length of the plant from the shoot ...
Investigating the Role of ADP-forming Acetyl-CoA
... protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica and may contribute to ATP production. Biochemical and kinetic characterization of recombinant E. histolytica ACD (EhACD) revealed that this enzyme may function in the direction of acetate production for generation of ATP and CoA during growth in the high gluc ...
... protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica and may contribute to ATP production. Biochemical and kinetic characterization of recombinant E. histolytica ACD (EhACD) revealed that this enzyme may function in the direction of acetate production for generation of ATP and CoA during growth in the high gluc ...
Identification and first characterization of pairing
... (Quack et al., 2006; DeBont & Vercruysse, 1998). Pathology is not induced by adult worms, but by eggs. One female deposits up to 300 eggs per day into the bloodstream (Moore & Sandground 1956). To continue the life cycle eggs have to pass from the mesenteric veins, where adult worms finally reside, ...
... (Quack et al., 2006; DeBont & Vercruysse, 1998). Pathology is not induced by adult worms, but by eggs. One female deposits up to 300 eggs per day into the bloodstream (Moore & Sandground 1956). To continue the life cycle eggs have to pass from the mesenteric veins, where adult worms finally reside, ...
Physiological Strategies During Animal Diapause: Lessons from
... When considering the proximal mechanisms for metabolic downregulation in A. franciscana, it is first appropriate to note that the sole source of metabolic fuel for the embryo prior to hatching is the endogenous store of the disaccharide trehalose, a conclusion based upon respiratory quotients and bi ...
... When considering the proximal mechanisms for metabolic downregulation in A. franciscana, it is first appropriate to note that the sole source of metabolic fuel for the embryo prior to hatching is the endogenous store of the disaccharide trehalose, a conclusion based upon respiratory quotients and bi ...
allyl cysteine sulphoxide
... for the production of cis- propenyl cysteine sulphoxide, however it should theoretically to produce both ‘cis’ and ‘trans’ isomers. It was decided to search the reaction products for the biological ‘trans’ isomer. This was successful and this synthetic method has been used, together with repeated ...
... for the production of cis- propenyl cysteine sulphoxide, however it should theoretically to produce both ‘cis’ and ‘trans’ isomers. It was decided to search the reaction products for the biological ‘trans’ isomer. This was successful and this synthetic method has been used, together with repeated ...
Catalytic Mechanism and Regulation of Mammalian Adenylyl Cyclases
... cAMP is a key player in the intracellular signaling pathways of hormones, neurotransmitters, odorants, and chemokines. By activating PKA and cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels, this protean second messenger can change cellular attributes as diverse as the membrane potential and the rate of cell di ...
... cAMP is a key player in the intracellular signaling pathways of hormones, neurotransmitters, odorants, and chemokines. By activating PKA and cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels, this protean second messenger can change cellular attributes as diverse as the membrane potential and the rate of cell di ...
The Bacterial Toxin RelE Displays Codon
... RelE toxins will appear in the cytoplasm (Christensen et al., 2001). The mechanism of action of RelE has remained unclear, but experimental observations suggested that it targets a factor involved in protein synthesis (Galvani et al., 2001; Pedersen et al., 2002). Induction of transcription of the r ...
... RelE toxins will appear in the cytoplasm (Christensen et al., 2001). The mechanism of action of RelE has remained unclear, but experimental observations suggested that it targets a factor involved in protein synthesis (Galvani et al., 2001; Pedersen et al., 2002). Induction of transcription of the r ...
The Mechanism of Enterohepatic Circulation in the Formation of
... BSHs are very specific for certain bile types and they help bacteria to survive in various bile environments through their contact with bile. This assumption is supported by the studies carried out in Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 that have four BSH genes, and L. acidophilus NCFM that have two BSH g ...
... BSHs are very specific for certain bile types and they help bacteria to survive in various bile environments through their contact with bile. This assumption is supported by the studies carried out in Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 that have four BSH genes, and L. acidophilus NCFM that have two BSH g ...
Platelet isolation and incubation with LDL - HAL
... study reported that glycated LDL caused an increased platelet aggregating response to ADP, the presence of high levels of TBARS in those LDL suggests that the effects were likely due to the combination of LDL glycation and oxidation (15). We also show that copper-oxidized LDL increased p38 MAPK phos ...
... study reported that glycated LDL caused an increased platelet aggregating response to ADP, the presence of high levels of TBARS in those LDL suggests that the effects were likely due to the combination of LDL glycation and oxidation (15). We also show that copper-oxidized LDL increased p38 MAPK phos ...
Paracrine signalling
Paracrine signaling is a form of cell-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behavior or differentiation of those cells. Signaling molecules known as paracrine factors diffuse over a relatively short distance (local action), as opposed to endocrine factors (hormones which travel considerably longer distances via the circulatory system), juxtacrine interactions, and autocrine signaling. Cells that produce paracrine factors secrete them into the immediate extracellular environment. Factors then travel to nearby cells in which the gradient of factor received determines the outcome. However, the exact distance that paracrine factors can travel is not certain.Although paracrine signaling elicits a diverse array of responses in the induced cells, most paracrine factors utilize a relatively streamlined set of receptors and pathways. In fact, different organs in the body -even between different species - are known to utilize a similar sets of paracrine factors in differential development. The highly conserved receptors and pathways can be organized into four major families based on similar structures: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, Hedgehog family, Wnt family, and TGF-β superfamily. Binding of a paracrine factor to its respective receptor initiates signal transduction cascades, eliciting different responses.