Contribution of 13C-NMR spectroscopy to the elucidation of
... fermentation of a number of organic compounds propionate is a reduced end product. In the classical propionic acid fermentation propionate is formed as a result of the use of metabolic intermediates as electron acceptor in the conversion of sugars by, e.g., Propionibacterium, Megasphaera, Veillonell ...
... fermentation of a number of organic compounds propionate is a reduced end product. In the classical propionic acid fermentation propionate is formed as a result of the use of metabolic intermediates as electron acceptor in the conversion of sugars by, e.g., Propionibacterium, Megasphaera, Veillonell ...
npr review - Olivamine
... molecular tools, we now know that over 500 different genes of the signaling pathways control any given disease.2 However, most currently available treatments are based on the modulation of a specific single target. Curcumin is a functionally labile molecule with the potential to modulate the biologi ...
... molecular tools, we now know that over 500 different genes of the signaling pathways control any given disease.2 However, most currently available treatments are based on the modulation of a specific single target. Curcumin is a functionally labile molecule with the potential to modulate the biologi ...
Characterization of Agouti-Related Protein
... Agouti-related protein (AGRP) is a naturally occurring antagonist of melanocortin action that is thought to play an important role in the hypothalamic control of feeding behavior. The exact mechanism of AGRP and Agouti protein action has been difficult to examine, in part because of difficulties in ...
... Agouti-related protein (AGRP) is a naturally occurring antagonist of melanocortin action that is thought to play an important role in the hypothalamic control of feeding behavior. The exact mechanism of AGRP and Agouti protein action has been difficult to examine, in part because of difficulties in ...
Lecture 33 - University of Arizona
... • inactive conformation, T form Phosphorylation of serine 14 (Ser 14) shifts the equilibrium in favor of the active R state. This phosphorylated form of glycogen phosphorylase is called phosphorylase a (active), and the unphosphorylated form is called phosphorylase b. It is the same polypeptide, jus ...
... • inactive conformation, T form Phosphorylation of serine 14 (Ser 14) shifts the equilibrium in favor of the active R state. This phosphorylated form of glycogen phosphorylase is called phosphorylase a (active), and the unphosphorylated form is called phosphorylase b. It is the same polypeptide, jus ...
Glutamine metabolism and its effects on immune response
... of glutamine on relevant signaling pathways as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and heat shock protein and the influence of this amino acid on cell migration and adhesion molecules are highlighted. Some important immune response pathways modulated by glutami ...
... of glutamine on relevant signaling pathways as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and heat shock protein and the influence of this amino acid on cell migration and adhesion molecules are highlighted. Some important immune response pathways modulated by glutami ...
Systematic metabolic analysis of recombinant Pichia pastoris UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA DE BARCELONA
... Chapter 5, the redox and energy stoichiometry of P. pastoris was validated showing increasing energy requirements as the oxygen availability became shortage. In addition, a network-embedded thermodynamic analysis of the quantitative intracellular metabolites pools was performed. From the analysis, ...
... Chapter 5, the redox and energy stoichiometry of P. pastoris was validated showing increasing energy requirements as the oxygen availability became shortage. In addition, a network-embedded thermodynamic analysis of the quantitative intracellular metabolites pools was performed. From the analysis, ...
Systems Biotechnology of Pseudomonas putida for the enhanced
... composition make them biodegradable, biocompatible, and part of the carbon cycle of the earth. Although there is a vast knowledge base for synthesizing eco-friendly biopolymers, the industrial production of PHAs is still 5-10 more expensive to obtain than conventional plastics. Therefore, the presen ...
... composition make them biodegradable, biocompatible, and part of the carbon cycle of the earth. Although there is a vast knowledge base for synthesizing eco-friendly biopolymers, the industrial production of PHAs is still 5-10 more expensive to obtain than conventional plastics. Therefore, the presen ...
The role of homocysteine in endothelial dysfunction
... eNOS, thus decreasing NO production [13,34,35]. Also, studies have shown that homocysteine suppresses NO production without altering NOS protein levels or enzyme activity and the homocysteine-induced endothelial injury and subsequent reduction in NO production are primarily associated with increase ...
... eNOS, thus decreasing NO production [13,34,35]. Also, studies have shown that homocysteine suppresses NO production without altering NOS protein levels or enzyme activity and the homocysteine-induced endothelial injury and subsequent reduction in NO production are primarily associated with increase ...
Developement of strategies for the isotopic labeling of methyl
... Indeed, proteins as large as 1 MDa could be investigated by NMR. Conversely, this strategy presents an important drawback consisting of the drastically reduced number of protonated probes. The project of this thesis falls within the framework of developing new methodologies to cope with this scarce ...
... Indeed, proteins as large as 1 MDa could be investigated by NMR. Conversely, this strategy presents an important drawback consisting of the drastically reduced number of protonated probes. The project of this thesis falls within the framework of developing new methodologies to cope with this scarce ...
Ca2+-Dependent Regulations and Signaling in Skeletal Muscle
... skeletal muscle are highlighted and the feedback mechanisms that link initiation of contraction to sophisticated mechanisms of adaptation in exercising skeletal muscle is illustrated below. 3. Ca2+ Ions and the Regulation of Electro-Mechanical Coupling 3.1. Ca2+ Ions and the Initiation of Presynapti ...
... skeletal muscle are highlighted and the feedback mechanisms that link initiation of contraction to sophisticated mechanisms of adaptation in exercising skeletal muscle is illustrated below. 3. Ca2+ Ions and the Regulation of Electro-Mechanical Coupling 3.1. Ca2+ Ions and the Initiation of Presynapti ...
Chapter 2—Cell Physiology
... pierced by many nuclear ____________________. ANS: nuclear envelope, pores PTS: 1 ...
... pierced by many nuclear ____________________. ANS: nuclear envelope, pores PTS: 1 ...
Chapter 2—Cell Physiology - College Test bank
... 14. Lysosomes contain ____________________ enzymes that are capable of digesting and removing unwanted debris from the cell. ANS: hydrolytic PTS: 1 15. Lysosomes that have completed their digestive activities are known as ____________________. ANS: residual bodies PTS: 1 16. Peroxisomes form _______ ...
... 14. Lysosomes contain ____________________ enzymes that are capable of digesting and removing unwanted debris from the cell. ANS: hydrolytic PTS: 1 15. Lysosomes that have completed their digestive activities are known as ____________________. ANS: residual bodies PTS: 1 16. Peroxisomes form _______ ...
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... 14. Lysosomes contain ____________________ enzymes that are capable of digesting and removing unwanted debris from the cell. ANS: hydrolytic PTS: 1 15. Lysosomes that have completed their digestive activities are known as ____________________. ANS: residual bodies PTS: 1 16. Peroxisomes form _______ ...
... 14. Lysosomes contain ____________________ enzymes that are capable of digesting and removing unwanted debris from the cell. ANS: hydrolytic PTS: 1 15. Lysosomes that have completed their digestive activities are known as ____________________. ANS: residual bodies PTS: 1 16. Peroxisomes form _______ ...
Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum for the -threonine
... genetic manipulations are more feasible options for subsequent isolation of mutant strains of genetically defined hyper-producers. Selection criteria would include reduced by-product formation and expanded substrate spectra. By all accounts, it is by genetic engineering that breakthroughs in efficient ...
... genetic manipulations are more feasible options for subsequent isolation of mutant strains of genetically defined hyper-producers. Selection criteria would include reduced by-product formation and expanded substrate spectra. By all accounts, it is by genetic engineering that breakthroughs in efficient ...
Application of Synthetic Biology for Biopolymer
... Plastics are versatile, cheap and durable materials that are omnipresent in modern society. Since most of them are derived from crude oil and are not biodegradable, their production leads to the depletion of fossil fuels and the accumulation of enormous amounts of plastic waste that pollutes ecosyst ...
... Plastics are versatile, cheap and durable materials that are omnipresent in modern society. Since most of them are derived from crude oil and are not biodegradable, their production leads to the depletion of fossil fuels and the accumulation of enormous amounts of plastic waste that pollutes ecosyst ...
Functional characterization of rare FOXP2 variants in
... the FOXP2 sequence in individuals with speech/language-related disorders have identified several rare protein-altering variants, but their phenotypic relevance is often unclear. FOXP2 encodes a transcription factor with a forkhead box DNA-binding domain, but little is known about the functions of pr ...
... the FOXP2 sequence in individuals with speech/language-related disorders have identified several rare protein-altering variants, but their phenotypic relevance is often unclear. FOXP2 encodes a transcription factor with a forkhead box DNA-binding domain, but little is known about the functions of pr ...
Engineering the pentose phosphate pathway of
... it is unable to utilise the 5-carbon sugars D-xylose and L-arabinose present in plant biomass. In this study, one key metabolic step of the catabolic D-xylose pathway in recombinant D-xylose-utilising S. cerevisiae strains was studied. This step, carried out by xylulokinase (XK), was shown to be rat ...
... it is unable to utilise the 5-carbon sugars D-xylose and L-arabinose present in plant biomass. In this study, one key metabolic step of the catabolic D-xylose pathway in recombinant D-xylose-utilising S. cerevisiae strains was studied. This step, carried out by xylulokinase (XK), was shown to be rat ...
Chapter 4 - University of Amsterdam
... long-chain fatty acids from the cytosol to mitochondria as well as the transfer of the products of peroxisomal β-oxidation, i.e. shortened fatty acids and acetyl units to the mitochondria. Additional (related) roles of carnitine include modulation of the acylCoA/CoA ratio, storage of energy (in the ...
... long-chain fatty acids from the cytosol to mitochondria as well as the transfer of the products of peroxisomal β-oxidation, i.e. shortened fatty acids and acetyl units to the mitochondria. Additional (related) roles of carnitine include modulation of the acylCoA/CoA ratio, storage of energy (in the ...
Enzyme Inhibition and Bioapplications
... of aminotransferases and modulation of these enzymes as model protein. Further authors emphasized the significance of advanced glycation end-products with introduction of structure, targeting with aim to evaluate potential antiglycation activity of two mitochondrial antioxidants, α-phenyl N-tert-but ...
... of aminotransferases and modulation of these enzymes as model protein. Further authors emphasized the significance of advanced glycation end-products with introduction of structure, targeting with aim to evaluate potential antiglycation activity of two mitochondrial antioxidants, α-phenyl N-tert-but ...
A Comparison of Murine and Human Factor XI
... have all been shown to activate human factor XI in vitro under various conditions5-11; however, the relevance of these observations to coagulation in vivo remains to be determined. Furthermore, while it is generally agreed that factor XIa contributes to hemostasis by activating factor IX, it is not ...
... have all been shown to activate human factor XI in vitro under various conditions5-11; however, the relevance of these observations to coagulation in vivo remains to be determined. Furthermore, while it is generally agreed that factor XIa contributes to hemostasis by activating factor IX, it is not ...
glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway
... colytic enzymes of many species have long since been of glucose metabolism continues in Chapter 15, where purified and thoroughly studied. we describe the opposing anabolic and catabolic pathGlycolysis is an almost universal central pathway of ways that connect glucose and glycogen, and use the gluc ...
... colytic enzymes of many species have long since been of glucose metabolism continues in Chapter 15, where purified and thoroughly studied. we describe the opposing anabolic and catabolic pathGlycolysis is an almost universal central pathway of ways that connect glucose and glycogen, and use the gluc ...
Auxin: The Growth Hormone - Roberto Cezar | Fisiologista Vegetal
... The first plant hormone we will consider is auxin. Auxin deserves pride of place in any discussion of plant hormones because it was the first growth hormone to be discovered in plants, and much of the early physiological work on the mechanism of plant cell expansion was carried out in relation to au ...
... The first plant hormone we will consider is auxin. Auxin deserves pride of place in any discussion of plant hormones because it was the first growth hormone to be discovered in plants, and much of the early physiological work on the mechanism of plant cell expansion was carried out in relation to au ...
Auxin biology in roots
... Because plants cannot move like animals, they have to critically monitor the surrounding environment and adapt to it by constantly changing their physiological conditions. Plant hormones play important roles in such processes. Among the plant hormones, auxin was the first to be identified (Kögl and ...
... Because plants cannot move like animals, they have to critically monitor the surrounding environment and adapt to it by constantly changing their physiological conditions. Plant hormones play important roles in such processes. Among the plant hormones, auxin was the first to be identified (Kögl and ...
Brock_Naimi_Madina_2014
... List of Figures Figure 1: Role of Insulin in Glucose Homeostasis ............................................................... 8 Figure 2: Insulin stimulates the PI3K-Akt signaling cascade in skeletal muscle leading to increased glucose uptake....................................................... ...
... List of Figures Figure 1: Role of Insulin in Glucose Homeostasis ............................................................... 8 Figure 2: Insulin stimulates the PI3K-Akt signaling cascade in skeletal muscle leading to increased glucose uptake....................................................... ...
Variation in Lignin Content and Composition
... and Scheel, 1989). Cell culture systems are particularly useful when they reflect mechanisms of regulation that occur in the whole plant. However, cultured cells are highly stressed, and it is not possible to conclude that normal developmental processes are taking place in culture without parallel s ...
... and Scheel, 1989). Cell culture systems are particularly useful when they reflect mechanisms of regulation that occur in the whole plant. However, cultured cells are highly stressed, and it is not possible to conclude that normal developmental processes are taking place in culture without parallel s ...
Paracrine signalling
Paracrine signaling is a form of cell-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behavior or differentiation of those cells. Signaling molecules known as paracrine factors diffuse over a relatively short distance (local action), as opposed to endocrine factors (hormones which travel considerably longer distances via the circulatory system), juxtacrine interactions, and autocrine signaling. Cells that produce paracrine factors secrete them into the immediate extracellular environment. Factors then travel to nearby cells in which the gradient of factor received determines the outcome. However, the exact distance that paracrine factors can travel is not certain.Although paracrine signaling elicits a diverse array of responses in the induced cells, most paracrine factors utilize a relatively streamlined set of receptors and pathways. In fact, different organs in the body -even between different species - are known to utilize a similar sets of paracrine factors in differential development. The highly conserved receptors and pathways can be organized into four major families based on similar structures: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, Hedgehog family, Wnt family, and TGF-β superfamily. Binding of a paracrine factor to its respective receptor initiates signal transduction cascades, eliciting different responses.