Download APPLIED BIOLOGY MID-TERM STUDY GUIDE

APPLIED BIOLOGY MID-TERM STUDY GUIDE
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE
 Characteristics of life
 Levels of organization (cell, tissue, organ, etc…)
 Homeostasis
 Biology
 Metabolism
 Species
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
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Scientific method
Steps of scientific method
Experimental group
Control group
Variable
Independent variable
Dependent variable
Hypothesis
Theory
Law
HISTORY OF CELL
 Cell theory
 Scientists that contributed to the cell theory
 Prokaryotic cell
 Eukaryotic cell
 Cell membrane composition (bilayer of phospholipids)
 Function of cell membrane
 Types of microscope (electron and compound)
 Surface area to volume ratio
 Three parts of cytoskeleton
 Parts of a microscope – and functions of these parts (use microscope diagram)
 Organelles of the plant and animal cell – their functions and structures
o Nucleus
o Plastids
o Ribosomes
o Vacuoles
o Golgi apparatus
o Vesicle
o Lysosomes
o Smooth ER
o Mitochondria - ATP
o Rough ER
o Cilia
o Central vacuole
o Flagella
o Cell wall
o Nucleolus
o Cytoskeleton
o Centrioles
o Plastid
Etc…..
o Centrioles
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Identify organelle of animal cell
Identify organelles in plant cell
CELLS AND THEIR ENVIORNMENT
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Passive transportation across the membrane
o Diffusion
o Osmosis
o Facilitated diffusion
o Filtration
o Ion channels
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Active tranportation across the membrane
o Endocytosis
o Exocytosis
o Pumps (sodium and potassium pumps)
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Selectively permeable
Hypotonic solution
Hypertonic solution
Isotonic solution
Equilibiurm
CELL REPRODUCTION
 Binary fission
 Chromosomes
 Mitosis
 Cytokinesis
 Karyotype
 Phases of cell cycle (Interpahse, mitosis, Cytokinesis)
 Phases of Interphase (G1, S, G2)
 Phases of mitosis ( prophase, metaphase anaphase, telophase)
 What occurs in each stage of mitosis
 Identify phases of mitosis
 Checkpoints of mitosis
 Gametes
 End result of mitosis (2 identical daughter cells
 Centriole – releases spindle fibers
 Mitosis and cancer
 Benign tumor
 Malignant tumor
MEIOSIS
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Oogenesis
Spermatogenesis
Gamete
Diploid cell
Haploid cell
Menstruation
Ovulation
Crossing over
Phases of meiosis (Interphae, prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, telophase 1,
prophase 2, metaphase 2, anaphase 2, telophase 2)
What occurs in each stage of meiosis
Identify phases of meiosis
Altermation of generations
GENETICS
 Cross pollination
 Self pollination
 Punnett squares – genotype ratio and phenotype ratio
 Allele
 Genetics
 Genes
 Law of segratation
 Incomplete dominance
 Phenotype
 Genotype (homozygous recessive, homozygous dominant, heterozygous
 Polygenic
 Sickle cell anemia
 Dominant
 Recesive
 Father of genetics (Gregor Mendel)
 Pedigree – how to read and interpret pedigree