* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Chapter 9: Gene Transfer, Genetic Engineering, and Genomics
Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases wikipedia , lookup
Behavioural genetics wikipedia , lookup
Human genome wikipedia , lookup
Deoxyribozyme wikipedia , lookup
Epigenomics wikipedia , lookup
DNA vaccination wikipedia , lookup
Epigenetics of human development wikipedia , lookup
Quantitative trait locus wikipedia , lookup
Genomic library wikipedia , lookup
Molecular cloning wikipedia , lookup
Genetic testing wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression programming wikipedia , lookup
Gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Human genetic variation wikipedia , lookup
Extrachromosomal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Population genetics wikipedia , lookup
Gene expression profiling wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
No-SCAR (Scarless Cas9 Assisted Recombineering) Genome Editing wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
Biology and consumer behaviour wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
Genome evolution wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Genome editing wikipedia , lookup
Helitron (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Pathogenomics wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
Designer baby wikipedia , lookup
Genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Metagenomics wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
Genome (book) wikipedia , lookup
Public health genomics wikipedia , lookup
Chapter 9 Gene Transfer, Genetic Engineering, and Genomics Chapter Summary and Essay Questions This chapter describes how prokaryotes can acquire genes from the environment and take on new characteristics, a process that no other living creature can perform. It follows the method prokaryotes use to exchange genes and discusses how viruses can carry genes between bacterial cells. The section on genetic engineering is significant because it summarizes the biotechnology that is revolutionizing industrial microbiology today. The last section on genomics presents some of the most recent information on how the DNA sequences of microbes are being used. When you have completed the chapter, you will be able to answer the following essay questions: a. b. c. d. e. Assess the importance of mutation and genetic recombination to bacterial diversity. Contrast vertical gene transfer and horizontal (lateral) gene transfer in prokaryotes. Describe the experiments of Griffith that led to the discovery of transformation. Prepare a list of the sequential events of transformation as they occur in prokaryotes. Compare the events that accompany the processes of plasmid and chromosomal DNA transfer via conjugation. f. Explain the unique place of the virus in the process of bacterial transduction, and compare in detail generalized transduction and specialized transduction. g. Identify the decisive pieces of research that permitted scientists to develop the process of genetic engineering. h. Describe in detail the process by which a bacterial cell can be re-engineered to produce a specific foreign protein. i. Name several products of genetic engineering, and discuss their importance in modern living. j. Describe how DNA probes and the polymerase chain reaction are used to identify a specific gene sequence. k. Assess the role that microbial DNA sequencing has played in the field of genetics and disease development, giving several examples. l. Explain how microbial genomics has affected food production, been applied to environmental cleanup, improved biosensing, and improved human health. m. Contrast functional genomics and comparative genomics. n. Assess the use of metagenomics toward understanding microbial communities.