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Genetics Review Packet
GENETICS UNIT ASSESSMENT
Student Review Packet
I.
DNA/RNA
A. Complete the table by checking (√) the correct column for each statement.
Statement
DNA
RNA
Contains ribose
Composed of a double strand of nucleotides
Contains deoxyribose
Contains uracil
Contains thymine
Composed of a single strand of nucleotides
B. Label the parts of DNA on the diagram below. Then answer the questions by writing
the correct number on the line to the left.
IV
II
I = _____________________
II = _____________________
I
III = _____________________
IV = _____________________
(includes all structures within
the box)
_______ a) Which structure would change if a mutation occurred?
_______ b) Which structures make up a nucleotide?
_______ c) Which structure contains nitrogen?
_______ d) Which structure is represented by the letters A, C, G, and T?
_______ e) Which structure is an amino acid?
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Genetics Review Packet
C. In the spaces provided, write the letter of the term that matches the definition.
____
1) a purine in DNA that pairs only with thymine
a. cytosine
____
2) a pyrimidine in RNA that pairs only with adenine
b. adenine
____
3) a purine in DNA that pairs only with cytosine
c. transformation
____
4) transfer of genetic material from a dead bacterium
to a live one
d. guanine
____
5) a pyrimidine in DNA that only pairs with guanine
e. uracil
____
6) a pyrimidine in DNA that pairs only with adenine
f. inducers
____
7) binds to repressors so transcription may begin
g. RNA
____
8) help DNA unwind during transcription
h. repressors
____
9) block transcription in DNA
i. thymine
____
10) similar to DNA; thymine is replaced by uracil
j. activators
D. Complete the following processes by filling in the blanks below.
DNA to DNA
(replication)
DNA
to mRNA
(transcription)
codon to anticodon
(part of translation)
A =
=
=
C =
=
=
T =
=
=
G =
=
=
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Genetics Review Packet
E. Three bases in a molecule of mRNA code for one amino acid. Use the information in
the table to fill in the blanks below.
First
Base
U
C
Messenger RNA Codons for Amino Acids
Third Base
Second
Base
U
C
A
U
phenylalanine phenylalanine leucine
C
serine
serine
serine
A
tyrosine
tyrosine
(stop)
G
cysteine
cysteine
(stop)
U
leucine
leucine
leucine
C
proline
proline
proline
A
histidine
histidine
glutamine
G
arginine
arginine
arginine
A
U
C
A
G
isoleucine
threonine
asparagine
serine
isoleucine
threonine
asparagine
serine
G
U
C
A
G
valine
alanine
aspartic acid
glycine
valine
alanine
aspartic acid
glycine
Codon in DNA
G
leucine
serine
(stop)
tryptophan
leucine
proline
glutamine
arginine
methionine
isoleucine
(start)
threonine
threonine
lysine
lysine
arginine
arginine
valine
valine
alanine
alanine
glutamic acid glutamic acid
glycine
glycine
Codon in mRNA
(transcription)
Amino Acid
(translation)
CTT
GAA
___________________
____________
UCA
___________________
GGG
____________
___________________
____________
____________
histidine
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Genetics Review Packet
II. Mendel and Genetics
A. Answer the following genetics problems by working the Punnett squares. Then write
your answers in the spaces provided.
1. In humans, the gene for normal skin pigmentation (A) is dominant to the gene for
albinism (a). An albino father and a mother who has normal skin pigmentation have
four children. The mother’s father has albinism. Use the Punnett square to work out
the cross. How many of the couple’s four children are expected to be have albinism?
Genotype and Phenotype Analysis
2. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is caused by a recessive gene located on the X
chromosome. A carrier for the disease marries a man with muscular dystrophy.
Use the Punnett square to work out the cross. What is the probability that their
children will have the following traits?
Probability of Offspring
Male children_____________________
Female children___________________
Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
________________
Male child with muscular dystrophy
_________________
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Genetics Review Packet
B. Give an example for each of the words below and then provide an explanation of why
it is an appropriate example.
genotype ______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
phenotype _____________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
homozygous ___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
heterozygous __________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
dominant trait __________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
recessive trait __________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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Genetics Review Packet
C. Geneticists are often called upon to solve mysteries using some of the tools you have
become familiar with in this unit. Using your knowledge of genetics, give a possible
solution for the problem below.
Problem: The technician who writes the identification wristbands in the hospital
delivery room has mixed up four newborn babies. The hospital determines
the blood types of the four babies which are AB, O, A, and B. How did the
doctors eventually find out which baby belongs to which set of parents?




Parents #1 had blood types O and AB;
Parents #2 had blood types AB and B;
Parents #3 had blood type O; and O;
Parents #4 had blood types O and A.
Possible Solution: Use Punnett squares below to determine possible genotypes of the
offspring of each set of parents.
Baby with type AB blood belongs to ___________________________________
Baby with type B blood belongs to ___________________________________
Baby with type A blood belongs to ___________________________________
Baby with type O blood belongs to ___________________________________
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Genetics Review Packet
D. Rickets is a condition in which the bones are abnormally soft which leads to the rickets
development of deformed bones. A lack of vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus in the
diet usually causes this condition. One form, however, called vitamin D-resistant
rickets, is caused by a dominant allele on the X chromosome. The pedigree below
traces this condition in three generations of a family.
Directions:
Use the pedigree below to answer the following questions.
Male
Male with rickets
Female
Female with rickets
I
1
2
II
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
III
1
2
3
4
5
6
1) What is the genotype of individual I-1? _________
2) What is the probability that individual I-1 will pass the rickets gene to her offspring? _______
3) What is the probability that individual I-2 will pass on the rickets gene? _________
4) Individual II-6 has rickets; however, none of his three sons have this condition. How can
genetics explain this situation?
5) What is the genotype of individual II-2? _________
6) Why is individual III-2 free of the disease even though his brother and sister have rickets?
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Genetics Review Packet
III. Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
A. In your own words define the following terms.
somatic cell ___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
gamete _______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
haploid _______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
diploid _______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
mitosis _______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
meiosis _______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
B. In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the stage of
meiosis.
a. A new spindle forms around the chromosomes.
______ 1) metaphase I
b. Chromatids remain attached at their centromeres as the
spindle fibers move the homologous chromosomes to
______ 2) prophase II
opposite poles of the cell.
______ 3) telophase I
c. Chromosomes line up at the equator.
d. Pairs of homologous chromosomes line up at the equator.
______ 4) metaphase II
______ 5) telophase II
______ 6) anaphase II
______ 7) prophase I
______ 8) anaphase I
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e. Chromosomes gather at the poles: the cytoplasm divides.
f. The nuclear envelope breaks down; genetic material is
exchanged through crossing-over.
g. A nuclear envelope forms around each set of
chromosomes, the spindle breaks down, and the
cytoplasm divides, resulting in four haploid cells.
h. Centromeres divide, enabling the chromatids, now called
chromosomes, to move to opposite poles of the cell.
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Genetics Review Packet
C. Examine the figure below, which shows the stages of meiosis. In the spaces provided,
write the letter of the stage of meiosis that matches each stage in the diagram.
STAGES OF MEIOSIS
a. anaphase II
e. telophase II and cytokinesis
b. metaphase I
f. telophase I and cytokinesis
c. anaphase I
g. prophase I
d. metaphase II
h. prophase II
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Genetics Review Packet
D. True or False: If the statement is true, then write “true.“ If it is false, rewrite the
statement to make it true. Use the diagram to answer the questions in this section.
Parent Cell
_________ 1) The chromosomes in the parent cell are homologous.
_________ 2) The genes in the parent cell do assort independently.
_________ 3) Gametes 2 and 3 are recombination gametes.
_________ 4) All the gametes show the parental combination of genes.
_________ 5) Crossing-over occurred in the production of gametes 1 and 4
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Genetics Review Packet
IV. Genetic Engineering
A. Complete the concept map on gene technology using the words or phrases below.
Word Bank: agriculture, cloned animals, electrophoresis, genetic disorders,
genetic engineering, medicines, probes, restriction enzymes, vaccines
GENE TECHNOLOGY
is applied to
uses
health
to cure
to make
to make
which includes
the use of
vectors
improved
plants
DNA
splicing
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Genetics Review Packet
B. Match the uses of genetics listed below with the examples given. Write the correct term
on the line to the right of each example.
selective breeding
cloning
recombinant DNA
1) Mating two varieties of hog to produce leaner bacon. _____________
2) Planting a cutting from a decorative houseplant. _________________
3) Crossing two types of corn to get disease resistance. ______________
4) Changing bacteria so they are able to produce human proteins. _____________
5) Growing starfish from cut pieces. _____________________________
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Genetics Review Packet
C. You are a police investigator trying to solve a murder case in your town. You collect
three blood samples from different locations at the crime scene. Analysis of the three
samples reveals that all are the same blood type. However, you suspect that at least one
of the blood samples belongs to the murderer. You use the technique of DNA
fingerprinting, which involves gel electrophoresis, to identify the criminal from the very
small amount of DNA found in the blood.
RESULTS OF GEL ELECTROPHORESIS
Smaller
fragments
DNA
fragment
size
larger
fragments
Sample from
murder victim
Sample from
doorway
Sample from
bloody knife
found under
victim
Predicted results
from analysis of
blood obtained
from the suspect
Based on your knowledge of genetics and your excellent detective’s intuition, draw your
prediction for how the suspect’s DNA will appear after gel electrophoresis. Draw the
alleged suspect’s DNA bands on the electrophoresis diagram above.
Now, in the space below, explain your reasoning for the bands you drew, and propose a
crime scenario that supports your prediction about the electrophoresis results.
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