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What to Know – Third Quarter Exam
Genetics (Ch. 11, 14)
1. Describe Mendel’s classic monohybrid and dihybrid pea plant experiments.
2. State the two laws of Mendelian genetics (segregation and independent
assortment). Explain how Mendel arrives at these two laws.
3. Apply the law of probability to solve genetics problems.
4. Identify, explain, and give examples of incomplete dominance, codominance,
multiple alleles, and polygenic traits.
5. Explain how phenotypes of a polygenic trait (such as human height) often follow a
bell curve distribution. (Hint: Re-watch Bozeman podcast on Advanced Genetics)
6. Explain how human genetic traits/diseases are inherited (recessively and dominantly)
and be able to apply this knowledge by solving genetics problems.
7. Explain why X-linked genetic disorders are more common in males.
DNA and Gene Expression (Ch. 12)
8. Briefly describe each of the following scientists’ contribution to the discovery of
DNA as the genetic material: Frederick Griffith; Avery, MacCleod and McCarty;
Hershey and Chase; Rosalind Franklin; Maurice Wilkins, Erwin Chargaff; Francis
Crick and James Watson
9. Discuss the location of the nitrogenous bases, the sugars and phosphates on the DNA
molecule.
10. Given a DNA template, know how to transcribe and translate it.
11. Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA.
12. Discuss the different types of mutations and their effect on protein synthesis.
13. Identify the location where protein synthesis in a eukaryotic cell.
14. List and explain the functions of the 3 types of RNAs.
15. Define an operon. Identify its components and describe their functions.
16. Explain how the lac operon works in bacteria.
17. Contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene regulation.
18. Explain what Hox genes do.
Evolution (Ch. 15)
19. Contrast the pre-Darwin and post-Darwin view of the natural world.
20. Discuss different Darwin’s observations that led him to formulate his theory of
evolution.
21. Briefly describe each of the following scientists’ contribution to the history of
evolutionary thought: James Hutton, Charles Lyell, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, Thomas
Malthus, Charles Darwin
22. Explain Lamarck’s theory of how species evolve.
23. Articulate Malthus’s theory of population growth.
24. Explain Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. Discuss natural selection
as the mechanism for evolution and the processes involved.
25. Identify and discuss the various types of evidence of evolution.
26. Compare and contrast homologous and analogous structures.