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14:1-Nervous&Musculo-Skeletal System Homework & Questions Why is the nervous system akin to the ‘fifth element’? The nervous system is akin to the “fifth element” because it holds the spark of life within it. What is the myelin sheath? The myelin sheath is a protein-rich gel that coats the arms of neurons (the dendrites and axons), creating electrical insulation. Describe the ‘gap’ between neurons. What is it called? How does a signal pass through this ‘gap’? The gap between the neurons is called the synapse. This is where an electrical signal is passed from an axon of one neuron to a dendrite of another neuron. The signals are passed via neurotransmitters (serotonin, for example), which once released into the synapse, they stimulate a new electrical signal in the dendrite of the next neuron. Where in the body can we find neurotransmitters? Neurotransmitters can be found not only in the brain, but throughout the body. What are the differences between the Autonomic and Somatic nervous systems? The Autonomic nervous system automatically activates organ, etc., as well as automatically relaxes them, whereas the Somatic nervous system is controlled by our consciousness and observations, to tell ourselves of temperatures, pain, pressure, etc. Describe the yin of Wood and the yang of Wood in more ‘Western’ terms. The Wood element is the nervous system. Part of the nervous system is the Autonomic nervous system. This is comprised of the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous system. The Sympathetic nervous system is the Yang side, and is responsible for activating the organs, increasing the heart rate, constricting tissues, promoting sweat and excretion, moving blood to the center of the body, and mobilizing adrenal reserves. The Parasympathetic nervous system is the Yin side, and is responsible for relaxing tissues, loosening capillary circulation and moving blood to the extremities, promoting digestion, rest and growth. What is the difference between ligaments and tendons? Ligaments provide support for internal organs and/or wrap joints together to keep them from coming apart. Tendons attach muscles to bones and allow for the muscle to actually move the particular body part. What does it mean for muscle tissue to be ‘trainable’? Muscles are trainable in that they have “muscle memory”. Therefore, we can train our muscles in efficiency via exercise. It also means that our muscles remember past events of injuries, overexertion, strains, etc. In the following, evaluate the system(s) involved, and whether they manifest deficiency, excess, or congestion. Why? How would you address the imbalances, if they exist? What would you recommend as additional treatments? CASE STUDY A male, age 32, presents with chronic neck and shoulder pain. At times the pain radiates down his arm, other times down his back, and often the result is a bad headache. His digestion is adequate – he has daily bowel movements, although at times (especially when his workload becomes overwhelming) he can have episodes of constipation. He relies on ‘bread and cheese’ for lunch pretty consistently, and usually has 3-5 cups of coffee daily. His respiration seems good, with only a low-grade allergy to dust and mold that bothers him most during the winter, in enclosed spaces. He has no trouble with sinus infections or any chronic upper respiratory congestion. His blood pressure is normal and his circulation seems healthy, although in the last few years he has noticed his extremities are a lot colder than they used to be. He is a bit fidgety, although his demeanor is in general quite friendly and open, and he complains of recurrent insomnia (‘even on a good night I don’t get more than 5 hours of sleep, and some nights none at all’). His energy level seems good, and he derives great satisfaction from his job (architect / project engineer). As you talk further, he mentions that two years ago he became estranged from his brother because of a family dispute. His desire: pain relief. He appears to have an excess in his inflammation response. This is indicated by his chronic pain/inflammation in his neck and shoulders. He also seems to have a deficiency in his Reserves/Circulation, indicated by his stress with work, insomnia, cold extremities, and excessive coffee consumption. I would first recommend reducing his coffee intake and reducing his intake of bread and cheese, substituting healthier lunches. He also should drink lots or water and be sure to consume soluble fiber to combat the occasional constipation. I would suggest taking American Ginseng for its adaptogenic effects to help his insomnia and adrenal depletion symptoms, and for its digestive benefits. In addition, take Reishi for chronic inflammation in his neck and shoulders, to help his mild allergy symptoms, and for its adaptogenic effects. He may also want to take Hawthorn for improved circulation and to soften his heart and release pent up emotion in relation to his estrangement from his brother. He may want to do a topical Ginger compress on his neck and shoulders and/or apply Arnica infused oil topically, to help bring circulation to the area and reduce inflammation. *Additionally, I would recommend meditation: 10-20 minutes morning and evening, daily.