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Chapter 3
1.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Mitosis refers to
DNA replication.
RNA transcription.
nuclear division.
cytoplasmic division.
ATP production.
2.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Cytokinesis refers to
DNA replication.
RNA transcription.
nuclear division.
cytoplasmic division.
ATP production.
3.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Which of the following stages of the cell cycle occur during interphase?
G2
S
G1
G2 and S
G2, S and G1
4.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The process by which a copy of the DNA molecule is produced is referred to as
translation.
transcription.
karyokinesis.
replication.
DNA genesis.
5.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
During prophase of mitosis
nucleoli and nuclear envelope begin to break down.
the spindle breaks down.
chromatids divide.
centrioles come together.
daughter chromosomes reach opposite poles of the spindle.
6.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
During metaphase of mitosis
the mitotic apparatus is formed.
replicated chromatids align in the center of the cell.
chromosomes divide.
chromosomes replicate.
the spindle divides.
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7.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
During anaphase of mitosis
replicated chromatids align in the center of the cell.
the mitotic apparatus is formed.
daughter chromosomes are moved to the poles of the cell.
nucleoli and nuclear envelope reappear.
chromosomes replicate.
8.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Telophase begins when
chromatids line up in the middle of the cell.
the nuclear envelope breaks down.
chromatin condenses.
daughter chromosomes arrive at opposite poles of the cell.
centrioles reach opposite poles of the cell.
9.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
A major characteristic that distinguishes meiosis from mitosis is
that there is only one division of DNA during meiosis.
the absence of prophase in mitosis.
the two replications of DNA during mitosis.
the reduction of chromosome number during meiosis.
the absence of telophase in meiosis.
10.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
For each oogonium that goes through oogenesis, __________ is/are produced.
one ovum
two ova
three ova
four ova
six ova
11. For each spermatogonium which undergoes meiosis and spermatogenesis, __________
functional sperm are produced.
A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) 16
E) 32
12. The two major kinds of molecules that direct the synthesis of proteins in eukaryotic cells
are
A) DNA and RNA.
B) DNA and ATP.
C) RNA and ATP.
D) ATP and AMP.
E) NAD and NADH.
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13.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The study of the structure and function of DNA and RNA is called
molecular zoology.
autosomal genetics.
molecular genetics.
physiological genetics.
molecular physiology.
14.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The single ring nitrogen-containing organic bases of RNA and DNA are called
purines.
murines.
nucleotides.
peroxisomes.
pyrimidines.
15.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
A DNA nucleotide contains
deoxyribose, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.
ribose, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.
deoxysucrose, a nucleotide base, and two phosphate groups.
deoxyribose, uracil, and a phosphate group.
deoxyfructose, nucleic acid, and 2 phosphate groups.
16.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The purine bases of the nucleic acids are
cytosine and adenine.
adenine and guanine.
uracil and thymine.
adenine and uracil.
guanine and pyrimidine.
17.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The pentose sugar of DNA is
deoxyribose.
glucose.
fructose.
deoxygenose.
ribose.
18.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The men who proposed the ladderlike structure of DNA were
Morgan and Crick.
Mendel and Morgan.
Watson and Crick.
Mendel and Watson.
Watson and van Beneden.
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19.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
In the structure of DNA, which of the following is a correct base pair?
adenine-cytosine
thymine-guanine
cytosine-uracil
guanine-uracil
adenine-thymine
20.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
DNA replication is described as semiconservative because
purines pair only with pyrimidines.
half of the old molecule is conserved in each new molecule.
thymine is always used in order to conserve uracil in the nucleotide pool.
deoxyribose sugar has less oxygen than ribose sugar.
all new molecules of DNA are single strands.
21. A/An __________ can be defined as a sequence of bases in DNA that codes for the
synthesis of one polypeptide.
A) codon
B) replicon
C) Okazaki fragment
D) gene
E) polyribosome
22.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The copying of the DNA message by messenger RNA is called
replication.
coding.
translation.
decoding.
transcription.
23. The linear form of RNA that is responsible for carrying a set of genetic instructions into
the cytoplasm is
A) mRNA.
B) tRNA.
C) rRNA.
D) dRNA.
E) cRNA.
24. The form of RNA that carries amino acids to ribosomes and helps position them for
incorporation into a polypeptide is
A) rRNA.
B) tRNA.
C) cRNA.
D) dRNA.
E) mRNA.
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25. mRNA travels to the __________ where it temporarily bonds to tRNA carrying an
amino acid, and a polypeptide is formed.
A) mitochondrion
B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) plastid
D) Golgi complex
E) ribosome
26. The synthesis of proteins at the ribosomes, based on the genetic information contained
in mRNA, is called
A) promotion.
B) transcription.
C) termination.
D) codon decoding.
E) translation.
27.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The initiation codon of mRNA is
AAA.
AUG.
UUU.
CUA.
AUC.
28.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Changes in nucleotide sequences on DNA are called
euploidy.
polyploidy.
deleterious mutations.
autosomal mutations.
point mutations.
29. The study of the transmission of biological information from one generation to the next
is
A) genetics.
B) anthropology.
C) genealogy.
D) reproductive biology.
E) molecular biology.
30.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The studies of __________ originated the modern study of genetics.
Linnaeus
Mendel
Darwin
van Leeuwenhoek
Wallace
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31.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Alleles are
always dominant.
always recessive.
always incompletely dominant.
alternate forms of a gene.
the same forms of a gene.
32.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
A recessive allele is expressed
only in the homozygous condition.
only in the heterozygous condition.
only when it is sex-linked.
only when it occurs on an autosome.
whenever it is present.
33.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
An organism is said to be __________ if it carries two identical alleles for a certain trait.
heterozygous
homologous
homozygous
monohybrid
dihybrid
34.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross is
4:1.
3:1.
1:2:1.
1:3:1.
1:1.
35.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The expected genotype ratio in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross is
2:1:2.
3:1.
1:2:1.
1:3:1.
2:1.
36.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
A tool used by geneticists to help predict the results of crosses is the
genetic square.
T square.
allelic square.
Punnett square.
homozygous square.
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37.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation of a dihybrid cross is
9:3:3:1.
1:2:2:1.
1:3:3:1.
27:9:9:1.
3:1:3:1.
38.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
A classic example of multiple allele inheritance is
the incomplete dominance of coat color in cattle.
red and white flower color in garden peas.
A, B, AB, and O human blood types.
continuous variation in human height.
All of the answers involve multiple allele inheritance.
39. If a person with type AB blood has offspring with a person with type O blood, what
blood types are possible in their children?
A) Types A, B, and AB only
B) Type A only
C) Type B only
D) Types A and B only
E) Types A, B, and O only
40. If one parent is heterozygous for type A blood and the other is heterozygous for type B
blood, what blood types are possible in their children?
A) Types A, B, and O only
B) Types AB and O only
C) Type O only
D) Types A, B, and AB only
E) Types A, B, AB, and O
41.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Chromosomes which are not involved in the determination of sex are called
heterosomes.
nucleosomes.
eusomes.
polysomes
autosomes.
42. There is a core of four pairs of histone proteins around which eukaryotic DNA coils, and
this structure is called the
A) centrosome.
B) acrosome.
C) metasome.
D) nucleosome.
E) autosome.
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43.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The somatic cells of animals are normally in the __________ condition.
diploid
triploid
polyploid
haploid
monoploid
44.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
With respect to X-linked traits, males can be described as
heterozygous.
homozygous.
homologous.
hemizygous.
polyploid.
45.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Crossing-over of linked genes occurs during __________ of meiosis.
interphase
prophase II
prophase I
metaphase I
metaphase II
46. Occasionally, a cell will have more or less than the diploid number of chromosomes,
called
A) homoploidy.
B) monoploidy.
C) polyploidy.
D) aneuploidy.
E) holoploidy.
47. An error known as __________, which may occur during meiosis, will result in gametes
having a lesser or greater number of chromosomes than normal.
A) nondisjunction
B) synapsis
C) crossing over
D) inversion
E) karyotyping
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