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Transcript
Name: _______________________________ Date: ______________________ How Does DNA Determine the Traits of an Organism? Introduction: In this simulation, you will examine the DNA sequence of a fictitious organism the Snork. Snorks were discovered on the planet Dee Enae in a distant solar system. Snorks only have one chromosome with eight genes on it. Your job is to analyze the genes of its DNA and determine what traits the organism has and then sketch the organism (You can be creative here). To keep it simple, the gene sequences are much smaller than “real” gene sequences found in living organisms. Each gene has two versions that result in a different trait being expressed in the Snork. Take a look at the chart below to see the different traits. Genes Amino Acid Sequence Description Gene 1 - body covering val - ser - leu hairless val - ser - lys hairy tyr - pro - gln - gln - lys plump val - pro - thr - gln - lys skinny leu - leu - leu - pro 3 legged leu - leu - ser - ala 2 legged ala - val - val round head val - ala - ala square head his - ile tail his - his no tail ser - pro - val blue pigment (hair/skin) val - phe - tyr red pigment (hair/skin) asn - ile - leu - leu - pro thr small slanted eyes asn - ile - pro - pro - pro thr large round eyes val - asn - asn - ala circular mouth asn - asn - asn - ala rectangular mouth phe - ser - gln pointed standing-up ears phe - phe - gln rounded floppy ears arg - tyr - cys - lys long spaghetti like arms arg - arg - asn - thre short stumpy arms Gene 2 - body style Gene 3 - legs Gene 4 - head shape Gene 5 - tails Gene 6 - body pigment Gene 7 - eyes Gene 8 - mouth Gene 9 - ears Gene 10 - arms What You Need to Do: Below is a DNA sample taken from a volunteer Snork. The DNA was then transcribed to its complimentary RNA strand. Your job is to analyze each RNA sample and determine the phenotype (how the organism looks) based on the sequence. Remember that AUG is a start codon, and it signifies the beginning of each gene. UAA is a stop codon and signifies the end of a gene. The genes are in order from gene 1 to gene 9. Snicker Snork AUG | GUC AGC AAA | UAC CCC CAA CAG AAA | CUC UUA AGU GCG |GCU GUU GUG | CAU CAU | GUU UUU UAC | AAU AUC UUA CUG CCC ACC | AAU AAC AAU GCC | UUU UCU CAA | UAA Record the traits below: UAG: START 1. Val – Ser – Lys = Hairy 2. Tyr – Pro – Gln – Gln – Lys = Plump 3. Leu – Leu – Ser – Ala = 2-legged 4. Ala – Val – Val = Round head 5. His – His = No tail 6. Val – Phe – Tyr = Red hair & Skin 7. Asn – Ile – Leu – Leu – Pro – Thr = Small slanted eyes 8. Asn – Asn – Asn – Ala = Rectangular mouth 9. Phe – Ser – Gln = Pointed standing up ears UAA: STOP One more thing to do! On a piece of plain white paper, draw your Snork using all of the traits you discovered! Remember to label the type of Snork you have…and don’t forget to put your name on the back of your drawing! What You Need to Do: Below is a DNA sample taken from a volunteer Snork. The DNA was then transcribed to its complimentary RNA strand. Your job is to analyze each RNA sample and determine the phenotype (how the organism looks) based on the sequence. Remember that AUG is a start codon, and it signifies the beginning of each gene. UAA is a stop codon and signifies the end of a gene. The genes are in order from gene 1 to gene 9. Snuffle Snork AUG |GUA UCU AAA | GUU CCU ACU CAA AAG | CUU CUC CUC CCC | GUU GCG GCU | CAU CAC |GUA UUU UAU | AAU AUU CUU CUG CCC ACA | AAU AAU AAU GCA | UUC UUC GGA | UAA Record the traits below: UAG: START 1. Val – Ser – Lys = Hairy 2. Val – Pro – Thr – Gln – Lys = Skinny 3. Leu – Leu – Leu – Pro = 3-legged 4. Val – Ala – Ala = Square head 5. His – His = No tail 6. Val – Phe – Tyr = Red hair & skin 7. Asn – Ile – Leu – Leu – Pro – Thr = Small slanted eyes 8. Asn – Asn – Asn – Ala = Rectangular mouth 9. Phe – Phe – Gly = Round floppy ears UAA: STOP One more thing to do! On a piece of plain white paper, draw your Snork using all of the traits you discovered! Remember to label the type of Snork you have…and don’t forget to put your name on the back of your drawing! What You Need to Do: Below is a DNA sample taken from a volunteer Snork. The DNA was then transcribed to its complimentary RNA strand. Your job is to analyze each RNA sample and determine the phenotype (how the organism looks) based on the sequence. Remember that AUG is a start codon, and it signifies the beginning of each gene. UAA is a stop codon and signifies the end of a gene. The genes are in order from gene 1 to gene 9. Snapple Snork AUG | GUC AGC AAA | UAC CCC CAA CAG AAA | CUC UUA AGU GCG | GUU GCG GCU | CAC AUU | UCU CCC GUA | AAU AUU CUC CUC CCC ACC | GUU AAU AAU GCA | UUC UUU GGU | UAA Record the traits below: UAG: START 1. Val – Ser – Lys = Hairy 2. Tyr – Pro – Gln – Gln – Lys = Plump 3. Leu – Leu – Ser – Ala = 2-legged 4. Val – Ala – Ala = Square head 5. His – Ile = Tail 6. Ser – Pro – Val = Blue hair & skin 7. Asn – Ile – Leu – Leu – Pro – Thr = Small slanted eyes 8. Val – Asn – Asn – Ala = Circular mouth 9. Phe – Phe – Gly = Round floppy ears UAA: STOP One more thing to do! On a piece of plain white paper, draw your Snork using all of the traits you discovered! Remember to label the type of Snork you have…and don’t forget to put your name on the back of your drawing! What You Need to Do: Below is a DNA sample taken from a volunteer Snork. The DNA was then transcribed to its complimentary RNA strand. Your job is to analyze each RNA sample and determine the phenotype (how the organism looks) based on the sequence. Remember that AUG is a start codon, and it signifies the beginning of each gene. UAA is a stop codon and signifies the end of a gene. The genes are in order from gene 1 to gene 9. Snoopy Snork AUG | GUA UCC CUC | UAC CCC CAA CAG AAA | UUA UUA CUG CCC | GUG GCA GCU | CAU AUU | UCU CCC GUA | AAC AUU CUU CUG CCC ACA | AAU AAC AAU GCC | UUU UCU CAG | UAA Record the traits below: UAG: START 1. Val – Ser – Leu = Hairless 2. Tyr – Pro – Gln – Gln – Lys = Plump 3. Leu – Leu – Leu – Pro = 3-legged 4. Val – Ala – Ala = Square head 5. His – Ile = Tail 6. Ser – Pro – Val = Blue 7. Asn – Ile – Leu – Leu – Pro – Thr = Small slanted eyes 8. Asn – Asn – Asn – Ala = Rectangular mouth 9. Phe – Ser – Gln = Pointed standing up ears UAA: STOP One more thing to do! On a piece of plain white paper, draw your Snork using all of the traits you discovered! Remember to label the type of Snork you have…and don’t forget to put your name on the back of your drawing!
