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Name: ____________________Date: ________________ Class: ___________ MCA Review Guide – Quarter 4 This MCA will be completed over the course of two days. The first part of the exam will be completed on Wednesday, May 26th (Green) or Thursday, May 27th (White). This will consist of the essay portion. The second part of your exam will take place on _______________. This portion will consist of multiple choice and constructed response questions. This study guide will be due on ______________. Part 1 Topics: DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis, Mutations 1. Describe and diagram the structure of DNA. Identify the 3 parts of a nucleotide in the diagram. (Ch. 11.1) 2. What are the 2 main functions of DNA? (Ch. 11.1) 3. Use base pairing rules to replicate the following strand of DNA: (Ch. 11.1) G C A T A T C G A G A T _______________________ 4. The process by which DNA is copied is called: __________________. 5. Which scientific term describes the shape of the DNA molecule? 6. What process forms messenger RNA? 7. Describe the role of the following RNA molecules in the production of proteins: (Ch. 11.2) mRNA: ___________________________________________________ tRNA: ___________________________________________________ rRNA: ___________________________________________________ 8. Explain the genetic causes of a mutation. 9. Differentiate between a frameshift and a point mutation. Give an example (show the DNA code) for each. 10. Describe what is happening in the following diagram: _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________. 11. Where does translation occur in a cell? 12. How many amino acids are coded for by the following sequence of DNA? _______ ATCGACTTAGGC 13. Explain why many different proteins can be created from only 23 amino acids. 14. Using Base Pairing rules, create a protein using the following sequence of DNA: (Ch. 11.2) DNA: TAC GCA CAG ATT TGC mRNA: _________________________________________________ tRNA: _________________________________________________ amino acids: _________________________________________________ 15. List 3 structural differences between DNA and RNA. (Ch. 11.2). 16. Which process produces DNA? RNA? 17. Where is DNA located in a cell? RNA? 18. When does DNA replication take place in the cell cycle? 19. Describe the effects of a point mutation and a frameshift mutation on amino acid sequences of proteins. Point: _______________________________________________________ Frameshift: ___________________________________________________ Part 2 Topic: Evolution Define the following and give an example of each (Ch. 15): 1. Divergent Evolution: 2. Convergent Evolution: 3. Physiological Adaptations: 4. Evolution: 5. Homologous structures: 6. Natural Selection: 7. Charles Darwin: 8. Vestigial structures: 9. Mimicry: 10. Camouflage: 11. Analagous structures: 12. Artificial Selection: 13. Speciation: 14. Mutation: 15. Gradualism: 16. Embryology: 17. Geographic Isolation: 18. Continental Drift: 19. Examine the geologic cross-section shown below. Which layer- 1, 6 or 2 will contain fossils of the most recently evolved organisms? _______ 19. What evidence is available today that supports the theory of evolution that was unknown to Darwin? 20. Examine the following graphs. Identify the type of selection shown, and describe a situation that could lead to that type of selection. A) _____________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ _______________________________ . B)______________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ______________________________ . C)______________________________ _______________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ _______________________________ .