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Name: ____________________Date: ________________ Class: ___________
MCA Review Guide – Quarter 4
This MCA will be completed over the course of two days. The first part of the exam will be completed
on Wednesday, May 26th (Green) or Thursday, May 27th (White). This will consist of the essay portion.
The second part of your exam will take place on _______________. This portion will consist of
multiple choice and constructed response questions. This study guide will be due on
______________.
Part 1 Topics: DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis, Mutations
1. Describe and diagram the structure of DNA. Identify the 3 parts of a nucleotide in the
diagram. (Ch. 11.1)
2. What are the 2 main functions of DNA? (Ch. 11.1)
3. Use base pairing rules to replicate the following strand of DNA: (Ch. 11.1)
G C A T A T C G A G A T
_______________________
4. The process by which DNA is copied is called: __________________.
5. Which scientific term describes the shape of the DNA molecule?
6. What process forms messenger RNA?
7. Describe the role of the following RNA molecules in the production of proteins: (Ch. 11.2)
mRNA: ___________________________________________________
tRNA: ___________________________________________________
rRNA: ___________________________________________________
8. Explain the genetic causes of a mutation.
9. Differentiate between a frameshift and a point mutation. Give an example (show the DNA
code) for each.
10. Describe what is happening in the following diagram:
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.
11. Where does translation occur in a cell?
12. How many amino acids are coded for by the following sequence of DNA? _______
ATCGACTTAGGC
13. Explain why many different proteins can be created from only 23 amino acids.
14. Using Base Pairing rules, create a protein using the following sequence of DNA: (Ch. 11.2)
DNA:
TAC
GCA
CAG
ATT
TGC
mRNA:
_________________________________________________
tRNA:
_________________________________________________
amino acids:
_________________________________________________
15. List 3 structural differences between DNA and RNA.
(Ch. 11.2).
16. Which process produces DNA? RNA?
17. Where is DNA located in a cell? RNA?
18. When does DNA replication take place in the cell cycle?
19. Describe the effects of a point mutation and a frameshift mutation on amino acid
sequences of proteins.

Point: _______________________________________________________

Frameshift: ___________________________________________________
Part 2 Topic: Evolution
Define the following and give an example of each (Ch. 15):
1. Divergent Evolution:
2. Convergent Evolution:
3. Physiological Adaptations:
4. Evolution:
5. Homologous structures:
6. Natural Selection:
7. Charles Darwin:
8. Vestigial structures:
9. Mimicry:
10. Camouflage:
11. Analagous structures:
12. Artificial Selection:
13. Speciation:
14. Mutation:
15. Gradualism:
16. Embryology:
17. Geographic Isolation:
18. Continental Drift:
19. Examine the geologic cross-section shown below. Which layer- 1, 6 or 2 will contain fossils of
the most recently evolved organisms? _______
19. What evidence is available today that supports the theory of evolution that was unknown
to Darwin?
20. Examine the following graphs. Identify the type of selection shown, and describe a
situation that could lead to that type of selection.
A) _____________________________
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B)______________________________
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C)______________________________
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