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BIOLOGY 40S
MOLECULAR GENETICS TEST – Question Booklet
Do not make any markings in this booklet. All of your answers should be entered in the answer booklet.
Part A. Multiple Choice. (50 x ½ = 25 marks)
1. The person/team to first isolate and name nucleic acid as a nuclein molecule was
a) Levene
c) Beadle and Tatum
b) Meischer
d) Watson and Crick
.
2. Hershey and Chase found that viral
material was NOT passed on into cells. This
meant that
was the molecule of heredity.
a) protein; protein
c) Protein; nucleic acid
b) DNA; RNA
d) Nuclein; protein
3. The person/team that developed the first photograph of the helical molecule with its bases inside were
.
a) Franklin and Wilkins
c) Levene
b) Beadle and Tatum
d) Chargaff
4. Watson and Crick were the first scientists to propose that DNA is
a) a short molecule
c) a protein molecule
b) the shape of a double helix
d) the genetic material
.
5. The sugar molecule discovered to be part of the DNA molecule was found to be deoxyribose. This
sugar and the molecules of adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine were first found by
a) Meischer
b) Beadle and Tatum
c) Levene
d) Chargaff
6. The person/team to first recognize that a ratio of nitrogenous bases existed was
a) Meischer
b) Beadle and Tatum
c) Levene
7. DNA stands for
a) deoxyribose
b) ribose
.
d) Chargaff
.
c) nucleic acid
d) deoxyribonucleic acid
Use the diagram on the right to answer questions 9 – 11.
8. The letter A in the diagram at right indicates the:
a) deoxyribose sugar
c) phosphate
b) nitrogen base
d) ribose sugar
A
9. The letter B in the diagram represents the
a) Sugar
b) Phosphate
c) Nitrogen base
d) None of these
10. The letter C in the diagram represents the
a) Sugar
b) Phosphate
c) Nitrogen base
d) None of these
C
B
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11. Which of the following correctly ranks the molecules/structures in order of size from largest to
smallest?
a) chromosome, nucleus, cell, DNA, nucleotide
b) cell, nucleus, chromosome, DNA, nucleotide
c) nucleotide, chromosome, cell, DNA, nucleus
d) cell, nucleotide, nucleus, DNA, chromosome
12. The sides of the ladder-like shape of the DNA molecules are made up of
a) The phosphate and the nitrogen base
b) Deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogen base
c) Deoxyribose sugar and the phosphate
d) None of the above
13. The rungs/steps of the DNA ladder are made of
a) Deoxyribose and phosphate
b) Nitrogen bases only
.
.
c) Phosphate and nitrogen base
d) Deoxyribose and a nitrogen base
14. The Ring structure shown in the diagram on the right is
a) Purine
c) Ribose
b) Pyrimidine
d) Deoxyribose
15. The shape of the DNA molecule is known as a
a) Single spiral
b) Double ladder
.
.
c) Borrowed ladder
d) Double helix
16. DNA must remain in the
.
a) Nucleus
b) Nucleolus
c) Cytoplasm/cytosol
d) Ribose
17. The portion of the DNA molecule that codes for a particular protein is called a
a) Nucleotide
b) Gene
c) Codon
d) Allele
.
18. The DNA of a certain organism has cytosine as 22% of its bases. What percentage of the bases are
thymine?
a) 28%
b) 78%
c) 50%
d) 22%
19. Semi conservative replication means that
a) Sometimes DNA can replicate and sometimes it cannot, this accounts for aging
b) Sometimes newly made DNA molecules are exact copies of the parent molecules and sometimes
they are not so that genetic variability may occur
c) The new DNA molecule consists of one parent strand and one daughter strand
d) The old DNA molecule sides recombine together and the daughter strands recombine together.
20. In the experiment where DNA was extracted from yellow split peas, which of the following steps
lysed the cell (broke down the cell wall)?
a) Dish detergent
b) Cold water and blending
c) Contact lens solution (enzyme)
d) Rubbing alcohol
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21. In the extraction of DNA, which of the following materials was added to the solution to help break
through the cell membrane and nuclear membrane?
a) Dish detergent
d) Rubbing alcohol
b) Cold water and blending
e) Both a and c
c) Contact lens solution (enzyme)
22. The protein found in red blood cells that is responsible for the transporting of oxygen around the body
is
.
a) Insulin
c) Haemoglobin
b) Actin
d) Trypsin
23. Every human body cell has
a) 22
b) 23
chromosomes.
c) 44
d) 46
24. The number of chromosomes in our gametes is
a) 22
b) 23
.
c) 44
d) 46
25. One chromosome stretched out straight would be 2 m long. The strand is packed into a place 10-9 m
with the use of tiny protein “spools” called
.
a) Haemoglobin
c) Chromatin
b) Histones
d) Autosomes
26. DNA replication takes place in the
a) Cytosol (cytoplasm)
b) Ribosomes
27. RNA stands for
a) Ribosomal nucleic acid
b) Ribosomes
.
c) Nucleus
d) Nucleolus
.
c) Ribonucleic acid
d) Ribose never acidifies
28. The enzyme needed in order for DNA to replicate performs this function.
a) arranges codons
c) breaks hydrogen bonds
b) arranges anti codons
d) breaks peptide bonds
29. The order of nitrogenous bases in DNA makes up the
a) codons
b) Proteins
.
c) Nucleotides
d) Genetic code
30. The transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called
a) Replication
c) Transcription
b) Translation
d) A mutation
.
31. If the arrangement of bases on the copied strand of DNA is ACCGAT, then the corresponding strand
of mRNA would have
.
a) ACCGAT
c) UCCGAU
b) TGGCTA
d) UGGCUA
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I
s
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
Use the above diagram for questions 32 to 34.
32. The molecule bonded to other similar molecules with a peptide bond is
a) I
b) II
c) III
.
d) V
33. The structure that acts as a workbench for protein building is
a) III
b) IV
c) VII
.
34. The structure that has travelled from the nucleus is
a) II
b) III
.
d) VIII
c) VII
d) VIII
35. Codon, uracil, ribose, are three words that make the structure of which molecule?
a) DNA
b) rRNA
c) mRNA
d) tRNA
36. mRNA binding site, cytosol, two-globular structures, protein factory are words associated with which
molecule?
a) DNA
b) rRNA
c) mRNA
d) tRNA
37. A codon consists of which one of the following?
a) AU on mRNA
b) AUUU on tRNA
c) AT on DNA
38. The role of tRNA in protein synthesis is to
a) Transport mRNA from the nucleus to the cytosol
b) Carry specific amino acids to the correct mRNA codon
c) Synthesize the ribosomes
d) Attach mRNA to the ribosome
d) GUC on mRNA
.
39. During translation, the RNA polymerase recognizes the
and releases the amino acid
chain (polypeptide) from the ribosome.
a) Stop codon
c) Terminator II
b) Start codon
d) Protein release factor
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40. Which of the following mRNA codons would cause synthesis of a protein to stop?
a) GGG
b) UAC
c) UAG
d) AAG
41. An mRNA base sequence is UUAGCA. The anticodons are
a) UUA GCA
c) AAU CGU
b) AAT CGT
d) UUT CGT
.
42. How many DNA nucleotides would be involved in coding for a polypeptide chain that is twelve
amino acids long?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 12
d) 36
43. Amino acids required for protein synthesis ultimately come from
a) The cytoplasm
c) Our diet
b) Ribosomes
d) RNA
.
44. Which amino acids would be joined if the sequence of bases on a strand of DNA is TCGAAGATG?
a) Cys – lys – ser
c) Met – lys – ser
b) Ser – phe – tyr
d) Cys – lys – ile
45. How many different codons code for amino acids?
a) 32
b) 61
c) 64
d) 120
46. Any change in the nucleotide/base sequence of the DNA of a gene is called a
a) Mutation
c) Translation error
b) Advantage
d) Disadvantage
47. A change in the nucleotide/base sequence can be caused by
a) Mutagens in the environment
c) Replication, transcription, translation errors
d) All the above
b) Forms of radiation (uv, X-ray, -ray)
48. An example of a least-harmful form of change in the code is
.
a) Point mutation
c) Repeated genes
b) Deletion of a base
d) Insertion of base
49. Identify the event that occurs to change the DNA sequence as shown below:
AGG CGT AAA GAT normal DNA
AGG GGA AAA GAT changed DNA
a) point mutation
b) inversion
c) frameshift mutation
d) deletion
50. Identify the event that occurs to change the DNA sequence as shown below:
AGG CGT AAA GAT …
AAG GCG TAA AGA T…
normal DNA
changed DNA
a) point mutation
b) inversion
c) frameshift mutation
d) deletion
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Diagram #1
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http://exchange.smarttech.com/details.html?id=8dcd9737-64d54587-93ef-5ce46ec3c741
Diagram #2
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D
A
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Name
MOLECULAR GENETICS TEST – Answer Booklet
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Part A. Multiple Choice. USE CAPITAL LETTERS. (50 X ½ = 25 marks)
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Part B. Short Answer and diagrams. (25 marks)
1. Use diagram #1 to fill in the chart below. (5)
Organelle
Function
1
(dot only)
2
3
(entire structure)
4
(entire structure)
5
(center only)
2. Use diagram #2 to complete the chart below. (2)
Name of structure
A
B
C
D
3. Complete the chart below to indicate 4 differences and one similarity between DNA and RNA (3)
DNA
RNA
Location
Sugar
Strands
Nitrogenous Base
Two Similarities
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4. The sequence below is part of a gene on a DNA strand that codes for a protein.
a) Encode the DNA strand into mRNA and the correct amino acid (2)
b) Use diagrams to show how the DNA eventually becomes a protein strand. Label and include the
following in your diagram: mRNA, tRNA. Ribosome and rRNA, correct amino acid sequence,
codons, anticodons, peptide bonds. Answers must be neat and organized to receive potential full
marks. (8)
T A C C C C A A A G C T A T T
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5. Place the following general steps of protein synthesis into the proper order: 1 – 6. (3)
a) tRNA bonds to mRNA
_______
b) tRNA attach to specific amino acid in cytoplasm
_______
c) RNA nucleotides bond to DNA template
_______
d) DNA unwinds and unzips
_______
e) Amino acids bond together forming a protein
_______
f) mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to ribosome
_______
6. Four steps of DNA replication are summarized below in random order. Number the steps in the
correct order from 1 – 4. (2)
_____ Each half of the DNA molecule serves as a template for the formation of a new half. Bases of
the free nucleotides join with the correct bases on the two exposed chains.
_____ The two new molecules of DNA become twisted again, taking on the form of the double helix.
_____Bonds form between sugars and phosphates of the newly paired nucleotides on the DNA chains.
Two identical copies of the original molecule are formed.
_____ The double helix untwists and the bonds between the bases of the DNA molecule are broken.
The two chains of nucleotides separate from one end down, like a zipper being opened.
Bonus
Provide a question you expected on the test that was not asked. Provide the correct answer for UP TO
three bonus marks. One mark awarded to a question/answer that is recall type. Two marks awarded to a
question/answer that is recall but requires details. 3 marks are reserved for high-level thinking
question/answer.
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