* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download DNA TEST
Non-coding RNA wikipedia , lookup
Nutriepigenomics wikipedia , lookup
Site-specific recombinase technology wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid tertiary structure wikipedia , lookup
Mitochondrial DNA wikipedia , lookup
DNA profiling wikipedia , lookup
History of RNA biology wikipedia , lookup
Genomic library wikipedia , lookup
No-SCAR (Scarless Cas9 Assisted Recombineering) Genome Editing wikipedia , lookup
Cancer epigenetics wikipedia , lookup
Messenger RNA wikipedia , lookup
Expanded genetic code wikipedia , lookup
SNP genotyping wikipedia , lookup
Frameshift mutation wikipedia , lookup
Bisulfite sequencing wikipedia , lookup
DNA polymerase wikipedia , lookup
Microevolution wikipedia , lookup
Genealogical DNA test wikipedia , lookup
DNA damage theory of aging wikipedia , lookup
United Kingdom National DNA Database wikipedia , lookup
Genetic code wikipedia , lookup
Epitranscriptome wikipedia , lookup
Epigenomics wikipedia , lookup
DNA vaccination wikipedia , lookup
Molecular cloning wikipedia , lookup
Gel electrophoresis of nucleic acids wikipedia , lookup
Non-coding DNA wikipedia , lookup
DNA nanotechnology wikipedia , lookup
History of genetic engineering wikipedia , lookup
Vectors in gene therapy wikipedia , lookup
Cell-free fetal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Extrachromosomal DNA wikipedia , lookup
Therapeutic gene modulation wikipedia , lookup
Cre-Lox recombination wikipedia , lookup
DNA supercoil wikipedia , lookup
Primary transcript wikipedia , lookup
Helitron (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Point mutation wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid double helix wikipedia , lookup
Artificial gene synthesis wikipedia , lookup
BIOLOGY 40S MOLECULAR GENETICS TEST – Question Booklet Do not make any markings in this booklet. All of your answers should be entered in the answer booklet. Part A. Multiple Choice. (50 x ½ = 25 marks) 1. The person/team to first isolate and name nucleic acid as a nuclein molecule was a) Levene c) Beadle and Tatum b) Meischer d) Watson and Crick . 2. Hershey and Chase found that viral material was NOT passed on into cells. This meant that was the molecule of heredity. a) protein; protein c) Protein; nucleic acid b) DNA; RNA d) Nuclein; protein 3. The person/team that developed the first photograph of the helical molecule with its bases inside were . a) Franklin and Wilkins c) Levene b) Beadle and Tatum d) Chargaff 4. Watson and Crick were the first scientists to propose that DNA is a) a short molecule c) a protein molecule b) the shape of a double helix d) the genetic material . 5. The sugar molecule discovered to be part of the DNA molecule was found to be deoxyribose. This sugar and the molecules of adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine were first found by a) Meischer b) Beadle and Tatum c) Levene d) Chargaff 6. The person/team to first recognize that a ratio of nitrogenous bases existed was a) Meischer b) Beadle and Tatum c) Levene 7. DNA stands for a) deoxyribose b) ribose . d) Chargaff . c) nucleic acid d) deoxyribonucleic acid Use the diagram on the right to answer questions 9 – 11. 8. The letter A in the diagram at right indicates the: a) deoxyribose sugar c) phosphate b) nitrogen base d) ribose sugar A 9. The letter B in the diagram represents the a) Sugar b) Phosphate c) Nitrogen base d) None of these 10. The letter C in the diagram represents the a) Sugar b) Phosphate c) Nitrogen base d) None of these C B /5 1 11. Which of the following correctly ranks the molecules/structures in order of size from largest to smallest? a) chromosome, nucleus, cell, DNA, nucleotide b) cell, nucleus, chromosome, DNA, nucleotide c) nucleotide, chromosome, cell, DNA, nucleus d) cell, nucleotide, nucleus, DNA, chromosome 12. The sides of the ladder-like shape of the DNA molecules are made up of a) The phosphate and the nitrogen base b) Deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogen base c) Deoxyribose sugar and the phosphate d) None of the above 13. The rungs/steps of the DNA ladder are made of a) Deoxyribose and phosphate b) Nitrogen bases only . . c) Phosphate and nitrogen base d) Deoxyribose and a nitrogen base 14. The Ring structure shown in the diagram on the right is a) Purine c) Ribose b) Pyrimidine d) Deoxyribose 15. The shape of the DNA molecule is known as a a) Single spiral b) Double ladder . . c) Borrowed ladder d) Double helix 16. DNA must remain in the . a) Nucleus b) Nucleolus c) Cytoplasm/cytosol d) Ribose 17. The portion of the DNA molecule that codes for a particular protein is called a a) Nucleotide b) Gene c) Codon d) Allele . 18. The DNA of a certain organism has cytosine as 22% of its bases. What percentage of the bases are thymine? a) 28% b) 78% c) 50% d) 22% 19. Semi conservative replication means that a) Sometimes DNA can replicate and sometimes it cannot, this accounts for aging b) Sometimes newly made DNA molecules are exact copies of the parent molecules and sometimes they are not so that genetic variability may occur c) The new DNA molecule consists of one parent strand and one daughter strand d) The old DNA molecule sides recombine together and the daughter strands recombine together. 20. In the experiment where DNA was extracted from yellow split peas, which of the following steps lysed the cell (broke down the cell wall)? a) Dish detergent b) Cold water and blending c) Contact lens solution (enzyme) d) Rubbing alcohol /5 2 21. In the extraction of DNA, which of the following materials was added to the solution to help break through the cell membrane and nuclear membrane? a) Dish detergent d) Rubbing alcohol b) Cold water and blending e) Both a and c c) Contact lens solution (enzyme) 22. The protein found in red blood cells that is responsible for the transporting of oxygen around the body is . a) Insulin c) Haemoglobin b) Actin d) Trypsin 23. Every human body cell has a) 22 b) 23 chromosomes. c) 44 d) 46 24. The number of chromosomes in our gametes is a) 22 b) 23 . c) 44 d) 46 25. One chromosome stretched out straight would be 2 m long. The strand is packed into a place 10-9 m with the use of tiny protein “spools” called . a) Haemoglobin c) Chromatin b) Histones d) Autosomes 26. DNA replication takes place in the a) Cytosol (cytoplasm) b) Ribosomes 27. RNA stands for a) Ribosomal nucleic acid b) Ribosomes . c) Nucleus d) Nucleolus . c) Ribonucleic acid d) Ribose never acidifies 28. The enzyme needed in order for DNA to replicate performs this function. a) arranges codons c) breaks hydrogen bonds b) arranges anti codons d) breaks peptide bonds 29. The order of nitrogenous bases in DNA makes up the a) codons b) Proteins . c) Nucleotides d) Genetic code 30. The transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called a) Replication c) Transcription b) Translation d) A mutation . 31. If the arrangement of bases on the copied strand of DNA is ACCGAT, then the corresponding strand of mRNA would have . a) ACCGAT c) UCCGAU b) TGGCTA d) UGGCUA /5.5 3 I s II III IV V VI VII VIII Use the above diagram for questions 32 to 34. 32. The molecule bonded to other similar molecules with a peptide bond is a) I b) II c) III . d) V 33. The structure that acts as a workbench for protein building is a) III b) IV c) VII . 34. The structure that has travelled from the nucleus is a) II b) III . d) VIII c) VII d) VIII 35. Codon, uracil, ribose, are three words that make the structure of which molecule? a) DNA b) rRNA c) mRNA d) tRNA 36. mRNA binding site, cytosol, two-globular structures, protein factory are words associated with which molecule? a) DNA b) rRNA c) mRNA d) tRNA 37. A codon consists of which one of the following? a) AU on mRNA b) AUUU on tRNA c) AT on DNA 38. The role of tRNA in protein synthesis is to a) Transport mRNA from the nucleus to the cytosol b) Carry specific amino acids to the correct mRNA codon c) Synthesize the ribosomes d) Attach mRNA to the ribosome d) GUC on mRNA . 39. During translation, the RNA polymerase recognizes the and releases the amino acid chain (polypeptide) from the ribosome. a) Stop codon c) Terminator II b) Start codon d) Protein release factor /4 4 40. Which of the following mRNA codons would cause synthesis of a protein to stop? a) GGG b) UAC c) UAG d) AAG 41. An mRNA base sequence is UUAGCA. The anticodons are a) UUA GCA c) AAU CGU b) AAT CGT d) UUT CGT . 42. How many DNA nucleotides would be involved in coding for a polypeptide chain that is twelve amino acids long? a) 3 b) 4 c) 12 d) 36 43. Amino acids required for protein synthesis ultimately come from a) The cytoplasm c) Our diet b) Ribosomes d) RNA . 44. Which amino acids would be joined if the sequence of bases on a strand of DNA is TCGAAGATG? a) Cys – lys – ser c) Met – lys – ser b) Ser – phe – tyr d) Cys – lys – ile 45. How many different codons code for amino acids? a) 32 b) 61 c) 64 d) 120 46. Any change in the nucleotide/base sequence of the DNA of a gene is called a a) Mutation c) Translation error b) Advantage d) Disadvantage 47. A change in the nucleotide/base sequence can be caused by a) Mutagens in the environment c) Replication, transcription, translation errors d) All the above b) Forms of radiation (uv, X-ray, -ray) 48. An example of a least-harmful form of change in the code is . a) Point mutation c) Repeated genes b) Deletion of a base d) Insertion of base 49. Identify the event that occurs to change the DNA sequence as shown below: AGG CGT AAA GAT normal DNA AGG GGA AAA GAT changed DNA a) point mutation b) inversion c) frameshift mutation d) deletion 50. Identify the event that occurs to change the DNA sequence as shown below: AGG CGT AAA GAT … AAG GCG TAA AGA T… normal DNA changed DNA 1. point mutation 2. inversion 3. frameshift mutation 4. deletion /5.5 5 1 5 Diagram #1 4 3 2 http://exchange.smarttech.com/details.html?id=8dcd9737-64d54587-93ef-5ce46ec3c741 Diagram #2 B D A C 6 Name MOLECULAR GENETICS TEST – Answer Booklet /50 = /100 Part A. Multiple Choice. USE CAPITAL LETTERS. (50 X ½ = 25 marks) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. /25 7 Part B. Short Answer and diagrams. (25 marks) 1. Use diagram #1 to fill in the chart below. (5) Organelle Function 1 (dot only) 2 3 (entire structure) 4 (entire structure) 5 (center only) 2. Use diagram #2 to complete the chart below. (2) Name of structure A B C D 3. Complete the chart below to indicate 4 differences and one similarity between DNA and RNA (3) DNA RNA Location Sugar Strands Nitrogenous Bases Similarity /10 8 4. The sequence below is part of a gene on a DNA strand that codes for a protein. a) Encode the DNA strand into mRNA and the correct amino acid (2) b) Use diagrams to show how the DNA eventually becomes a protein strand. Label and include the following in your diagram: mRNA, tRNA. Ribosome and rRNA, correct amino acid sequence, codons, anticodons, peptide bonds. Answers must be neat and organized to receive potential full marks. (8) T A C C C C A A A G C T A T T /10 9 5. Place the following general steps of protein synthesis into the proper order: 1 – 6. (3) a) tRNA bonds to mRNA _______ b) mRNA in copied from one of the DNA strands _______ c) RNA nucleotides bond to DNA template _______ d) DNA unwinds and unzips _______ e) Amino acids bond together forming a protein _______ f) mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to ribosome _______ 6. Four steps of DNA replication are summarized below in random order. Number the steps in the correct order from 1 – 4. (2) _____ Each half of the DNA molecule serves as a template for the formation of a new half. Bases of the free nucleotides join with the correct bases on the two exposed chains. _____ The two new molecules of DNA become twisted again, taking on the form of the double helix. _____Bonds form between sugars and phosphates of the newly paired nucleotides on the DNA chains. Two identical copies of the original molecule are formed. _____ The double helix untwists and the bonds between the bases of the DNA molecule are broken. The two chains of nucleotides separate from one end down, like a zipper being opened. Bonus Provide a question you expected on the test that was not asked. Provide the correct answer for UP TO three bonus marks. One mark awarded to a question/answer that is recall type. Two marks awarded to a question/answer that is recall but requires details. 3 marks are reserved for high-level thinking question/answer. /5 10