Download The Cell Cycle and Cancer

The Cell Cycle and Cancer
Study Guide
1. What is the cell cycle?
The regular sequence of growth and division cells
undergo.
2. What are the three stages of cell division?
Interphase – Mitosis - Cytokinesis
3. What is mitosis?
The stage of cell division in which the nucleus
divides into two nuclei; in this stage one copy of
the DNA is copied (replicated) and distributed to
each new daughter cell.
4. List the four phases of mitosis?
Prophase – Metaphase – Anaphase - Telophase
5. In which stage does the cell spend most of its time?
Interphase
6. What happens in prophase?
The chromatin condenses (thickens) to form
chromosomes; spindle fibers form; the nuclear
membrane breaks down;
7. What happens in metaphase?
The chromosomes line up in the center of the cell;
each chromosome attaches to the spindle fiber at
the centromere;
8. What happens in anaphase?
The centromere splits and the two chromatids
separate to opposite ends;
9. What happens in telophase?
The chromosomes stretch and lose their rod like
appearance; a nuclear membrane forms around
each region of chromosomes;
10.
What is cytokinesis?
The cell membrane pinches in around the middle of
the cell; each daughter cell ends up with the same
number of identical chromosomes as the parent
cell;
11.
What is replication?
Replication is when the cell makes a copy of the
DNA in its nucleus during interphase;
12.
What are centrioles?
These are barrel-shaped structures that take part in
creating the spindle fibers during cell division.
13.
What is chromatin?
Thread-like strands of DNA before replication takes
place during interphase.
14.
What are chromatids?
One of the identical rods of a chromosome.
15.
What is centromere?
The button-shaped structure that holds the sister
chromatids together.
16.
What are chromosomes?
A double rod of condensed chromatin.
17.
Draw and label the parts of a chromosome.
See page 63
18.
What is DNA?
The genetic material in the nucleus of the cell.
19.
What is the name of the structure given to DNA?
double helix
20.
What molecules make up the sidebars of the DNA
molecule?
Deoxyribose (sugar) – phosphate molecule
21.
What molecules make up the rungs of the DNA
molecule?
Nitrogen bases
22.
Name the nitrogen bases in DNA and describe
how they pair up.
adenine-thymine cytosine-guanine
23.
What is cancer?
A disease in which cells grow and divide
uncontrollably.
24.
How does a tumor form?
A tumor is a mass of abnormal cells that develops
when cells divide and grow uncontrollably.
25.
Name three ways that cancer can be treated.
surgery – radiation - chemotherapy
26.
What is chemotherapy?
The use of drugs to kill cancer cells.
27.
What is radiation treatment?
Use of high energy waves to shrink the size of a
tumor.
28.
Name two health habits that can help prevent
cancer.
No smoking - eating a low fat diet – wearing
sunscreen when out in the sun
29.
What causes most cancers?
smoking
30.
What is the leading cause of lung cancer?
smoking