Download The Cell Cycle and Cancer

The Cell Cycle and Cancer
Study Guide/Answer Key
1. What is the cell cycle?
The regular sequence of growth and division cells undergo.
2. What are the three stages of cell division?
Interphase – Mitosis - Cytokinesis
3. What is mitosis?
The stage of cell division in which the nucleus divides into two
nuclei; in this stage one copy of the DNA is copied (replicated) and
distributed to each new daughter cell.
4. List the four phases of mitosis?
Prophase – Metaphase – Anaphase - Telophase
5. In which stage does the cell spend most of its time?
Interphase
6. What happens in prophase?
The chromatin condenses (thickens) to form chromosomes; spindle
fibers form; the nuclear membrane breaks down;
7. What happens in metaphase?
The chromosomes line up in the center of the cell; each
chromosome attaches to the spindle fiber at the centromere;
8. What happens in anaphase?
The centromere splits and the two chromatids separate to opposite
ends;
9. What happens in telophase?
The chromosomes stretch and lose their rod like appearance; a
nuclear membrane forms around each region of chromosomes;
10. What is cytokinesis?
The cell membrane pinches in around the middle of the cell; each
daughter cell ends up with the same number of identical
chromosomes as the parent cell;
11. What is replication?
Replication is when the cell makes a copy of the DNA in its nucleus
during interphase;
12. What is chromatin?
Thread-like strands of DNA before replication takes place during
interphase.
13. What are chromatids?
One of the identical rods of a chromosome.
14. What are centromeres?
The button-shaped structures that holds the sister chromatids
together.
15. What are chromosomes?
A double rod of condensed chromatin.
16. Draw and label the parts of a chromosome.
See page 63
17. What is DNA?
The genetic material in the nucleus of the cell.
18. What is the name of the structure given to DNA?
double helix
19. What molecules make up the sidebars of the DNA molecule?
Deoxyribose (sugar) – phosphate molecule
20. What molecules make up the rungs of the DNA molecule?
Nitrogen bases
21. Name the nitrogen bases in DNA and describe how they pair up.
adenine-thymine cytosine-guanine (AT – GC = at grover cleveland)
22. What is cancer?
A disease in which cells grow and divide uncontrollably.
23. How does a tumor form?
A tumor is a mass of abnormal cells that develops when cells divide
and grow uncontrollably.
24. Name three ways that cancer can be treated.
surgery – radiation - chemotherapy
25. What is chemotherapy?
The use of drugs to kill cancer cells.
26. What is radiation treatment?
Use of high energy waves to shrink the size of a tumor.
27. Name two health habits that can help prevent cancer.
No smoking - eating a low fat diet – wearing sunscreen when out in
the sun
28. What causes most cancers?
Smoking/tobacco
29. What is the leading cause of lung cancer?
Smoking/tobacco
30. What is the difference between cell division in plant cells vs. animal cells?
In animal cells, the cytoplasm pinches off to form two new daughter
cells.
In plant cells, a cell plate forms to divide the cell into two new
daughter cells.