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Cell division
The process during which an
entire cell divides to form
two exact copies
Mitosis
The stage of cell division during
which the nucleus divides into two
identical nuclei. The phases of
mitosis are: prophase, metaphase,
anaphase, and telophase.
Cells spend most of their lives in
interphase. It’s a time of growing,
developing, and carrying on all life
activities. At the end of interphase,
strands of DNA and centrioles
replicate.
Strands of DNA called chromatin
condense to form chromosomes. A
pair of centrioles moves to the
opposite side of the cell. Spindle
fibers begin to form (in animal cells).
The nuclear membrane begins to
disintegrate.
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Chomosome pairs (sister
chromatids) attached by
centromeres line up in the
middle of the cell
Anaphase
Sister chromatids separate
and move to the opposite
ends (poles) of the cell.
Telophase
Cell Cycle
DNA
Replication
Centrioles
Nuclear membranes form
around identical sets of
chromosomes. The
chromosomes become strands of
chromatin again. The cell
membrane begins to pinch in.
The regular cycle of growth and
division of a cell during its
lifetime. The cell cycle consists
of the following stages:
interphase, mitosis, and
cytokinesis.
(deoxyribonucleic acid) “The Double
Helix” the molecule that contains the
blueprint for life. The DNA molecule has a
twisted ladder shape. The sides of the
ladder consist of sugar and phosphate
molecules. The rungs are made of nitrogen
bases: adenine, thymine, cytosine, and
guanine (A/T,C/G).
The process by which a
molecule of DNA makes an
exact copy of itself
Barrel-shaped organelles that
are found in pairs near the
nucleus of an animal cell. (They
may help move chromosomes
during mitosis by directing
spindles.)
Chromatin
Centromeres
Loose, thread-like strands of
DNA (DNA is in its chromatin
form during interphase,
telophase, and cytokinesis.)
Button-like structures that hold
chromosomes (sister
chromatids) together
Chromosomes
Rod –like structures made up of
DNA
Chromatids
One of a pair of chromosomes.
When paired, these structures
are called sister chromatids.
Spindle fibers
Mesh-like structures that create
pathways for transporting
chromosomes during mitosis.
Spindles are found in animal cells.
Cancer
Cancer treatments
A group of diseases
characterized by abnormally
dividing cells (Cancer is cell
division – out of control.)
Surgery – to remove the cancerous tissue
(tumor)
2. Chemotherapy – using strong chemicals to kill
or shrink the cancerous tissue (tumor)
3. Radiation – using high energy waves to shrink
or kill the cancerous tissue (tumor)
(We also discussed nanotherapy in class. It’s the use
of tiny particles to deliver drugs to tumors or to act
as targets for heat or ultrasound treatments for
tumors.
1.
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis