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Name ______________________________ Date ___________________ Period ____________ Cellular Transport What is diffusion? The movement of molecules from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration, “down” a concentration gradient What is osmosis? The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane Why do we need to regulate osmosis? To maintain homeostasis How long does water diffuse in a solution? Until it has reached equilibrium evenly distributed) What controls osmosis? The concentration gradient What is a concentration Gradient? The unequal distribution of particles Type of Solutions ------Remember: Salt Sucks "ISO" means the same Definition: concentration of water is the same inside and outside the cell Both the animal and plant cells retain normal shape and pressure The word "HYPO" means less, in this case there are less solute (salt) molecules outside the cell, since salt sucks, water will move into the cell. cell swells up Plant Cell- swell beyond their normal size as pressure increases; the plasma membrane presses against the cell wall and makes the cell more firm. (why grocers keeping misting vegetables at the market) Animal Cell- swell until they burst The word "HYPER" means more, in this case there are more solute (salt) molecules outside the cell, which causes the water to be sucked in that direction. Cell shrivels up Plant cell – loses pressure as the plasma membrane shrinks away from the cell wall. Animal cell- Shrivels up Passive and Active Transport Passive Transport -the movement of particles across a membrane. What do materials need to cross the plasma membrane? Transport proteins What is this process called? Facilitated diffusion Types of Transport Proteins Channel Proteins- form channels that allow specific molecules to flow through. (fig. 8.5B) Carrier Proteins - change shape to allow a substance to pass through the plasma membrane. Active Transport Active Transport – Movement of materials through a membrane against a concentration gradient How does active transport occur? (2 sentences) A carrier protein binds with the substance to be transported. The cell changes to the shape of the carrier protein so that the particle can be released into the cell-like the opening of a door. Type of Transport Transport Protein Used? Direction of Movement Requires energy Classification of from the cell? transport Simple Diffusion No No Passive Facilitated Diffusion Yes- Channel Protein or carrier protein Yes- Carrier Protein With Concentration Gradient With Concentration gradient No Passive Against Concentration Gradient Yes Active Active Transport Transport of Large Particles Endocytosis- The process by which a cell surrounds and takes in material from its environment. Explain the process of Endocytosisthe material is engulfed and enclosed by a portion of the cells plasma membrane. Exocytosis- the expulsion or secretion of materials from a cell. Phagocytosis- the engulfing and ingesting of particles- “cell eating” Pinocytosis- the ingestion of fluid into a cell- “cell drinking”