Download Chapter 13 RNA and Protein Synthesis

Chapter 13 RNA and Protein Synthesis
The Role of RNA
 DNA has the codes to build a
protein but these instructions
must first be copied into
________.
 RNA is similar to DNA in that it is made of
_____________, however there are three
important differences; RNA has a ______
sugar while DNA has a deoxyribose sugar,
RNA has a _________ strand while DNA is
double stranded and RNA contains the
nitrogen base _________ in place of
thymine.
 There are __________ types of RNA and
each has its own job to perform.
Make a diagram to match each type of
RNA (figure 13-2)

___________ RNA carries the
instruction to build a protein from the
nucleus to the ribosome.
 ___________ RNA helps form the subunits
of a ribosome (where protein synthesis
takes place).
Chapter 13 RNA and Protein Synthesis
 ____________ RNA carries amino acids to
the ribosome to match
them to the coded
mRNA message.
RNA Synthesis
 _______________ is the
process where DNA will serve as the
template to make a strand of RNA.
 The RNA will be made in the nucleus and
then go to _____________ to help make a
protein.
 RNA ____________ is an enzyme that will
bind to the DNA strand and cause it to
separate.
 One strand of DNA will act as a
___________ to make the RNA strand.
 ____________ are regions of DNA that
signal the RNA polymerase where to begin
making the RNA strand
 mRNA often needs to be edited so the
portions cut out are called _______ and the
portions spliced together are call ________.
13.2 Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
The Genetic Code
 The code carried in DNA which is then
transcribed into RNA is information to make
a ____________.
Chapter 13 RNA and Protein Synthesis
 Proteins are made by joining ________
_______ together in long chains called
polypeptides.
 The order of amino acids is directly related
to the proteins _________ and __________.
 RNA has four different bases: adenine,
cytosine, guanine and _________ which
makes form the base of a language we call
the ________ code.
 The genetic code is read three letters at a
time and the three letters correspond to a
specific ________ _______.
 The three letter code on mRNA is called a
_________.
 Often amino acids have more than one
________. Lysine has two _______; AAA
and AAG.
 The message to start and stop the process
of making a polypeptide is in the form of
“_______” and “________” codons.
Complete the “Quick Lab” on page 367 to check
your comprehension.
Chapter 13 RNA and Protein Synthesis
Translation
 The role of a ribosome in the process called
translation is to _________ the mRNA
message into a sequence of amino acids to
form a polypeptide and eventually a
____________.
 The first step in translation is when the
ribosome binds to the strand of
___________.
 As each codon on the mRNA strand passes
through the ribosome, _________ will
bring the proper amino acid into the
ribosome.
 tRNA has ___________ (3 unpaired bases)
that are complementary to the mRNA
codons.
 The codon for methionine is AUG so the
anticodon would be ________.
 The ribosome will create ________ bonds
that will attach the amino acids together
and as the bond between tRNA and the
amino acid break, tRNA will exit the
____________.
 More tRNA will enter the ribosome bringing
in amino acids specified by the
___________.
 The process continues until the ribosome
reaches a “stop” codon and then the
polypeptide is ____________.
Chapter 13 RNA and Protein Synthesis
Please review the “Visual Summary” on page
368
The Molecular Basis of Heredity
 Most genes contain the instructions to build
_________.
 Proteins are microscopic tools designed to
build and operate the cell.
 The central basis of molecular biology is
that information is transferred from ______
to ______ to protein. The process is known
as _______ expression.
Please review the “Visual Summary” Gene
Expression on page 371.