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Chapter 13 RNA and Protein Synthesis The Role of RNA DNA has the codes to build a protein but these instructions must first be copied into ________. RNA is similar to DNA in that it is made of _____________, however there are three important differences; RNA has a ______ sugar while DNA has a deoxyribose sugar, RNA has a _________ strand while DNA is double stranded and RNA contains the nitrogen base _________ in place of thymine. There are __________ types of RNA and each has its own job to perform. Make a diagram to match each type of RNA (figure 13-2) ___________ RNA carries the instruction to build a protein from the nucleus to the ribosome. ___________ RNA helps form the subunits of a ribosome (where protein synthesis takes place). Chapter 13 RNA and Protein Synthesis ____________ RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome to match them to the coded mRNA message. RNA Synthesis _______________ is the process where DNA will serve as the template to make a strand of RNA. The RNA will be made in the nucleus and then go to _____________ to help make a protein. RNA ____________ is an enzyme that will bind to the DNA strand and cause it to separate. One strand of DNA will act as a ___________ to make the RNA strand. ____________ are regions of DNA that signal the RNA polymerase where to begin making the RNA strand mRNA often needs to be edited so the portions cut out are called _______ and the portions spliced together are call ________. 13.2 Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis The Genetic Code The code carried in DNA which is then transcribed into RNA is information to make a ____________. Chapter 13 RNA and Protein Synthesis Proteins are made by joining ________ _______ together in long chains called polypeptides. The order of amino acids is directly related to the proteins _________ and __________. RNA has four different bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine and _________ which makes form the base of a language we call the ________ code. The genetic code is read three letters at a time and the three letters correspond to a specific ________ _______. The three letter code on mRNA is called a _________. Often amino acids have more than one ________. Lysine has two _______; AAA and AAG. The message to start and stop the process of making a polypeptide is in the form of “_______” and “________” codons. Complete the “Quick Lab” on page 367 to check your comprehension. Chapter 13 RNA and Protein Synthesis Translation The role of a ribosome in the process called translation is to _________ the mRNA message into a sequence of amino acids to form a polypeptide and eventually a ____________. The first step in translation is when the ribosome binds to the strand of ___________. As each codon on the mRNA strand passes through the ribosome, _________ will bring the proper amino acid into the ribosome. tRNA has ___________ (3 unpaired bases) that are complementary to the mRNA codons. The codon for methionine is AUG so the anticodon would be ________. The ribosome will create ________ bonds that will attach the amino acids together and as the bond between tRNA and the amino acid break, tRNA will exit the ____________. More tRNA will enter the ribosome bringing in amino acids specified by the ___________. The process continues until the ribosome reaches a “stop” codon and then the polypeptide is ____________. Chapter 13 RNA and Protein Synthesis Please review the “Visual Summary” on page 368 The Molecular Basis of Heredity Most genes contain the instructions to build _________. Proteins are microscopic tools designed to build and operate the cell. The central basis of molecular biology is that information is transferred from ______ to ______ to protein. The process is known as _______ expression. Please review the “Visual Summary” Gene Expression on page 371.