Download Cells Unit Guided Notes - Liberty Union High School District

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION NOTES
A. Cell Theory
1. All living things_________________________________________________________
2. Cells are the __________________________________________________________.
3. Cells are produced ______________________________________________________
B. All Living things have cells
a. Unicellular ______________________________
b. Multicellular _____________________________
C. Types of Cells
a. Prokaryote: _____________________________
i. Always ___________________________
ii. Lacks ____________________________
iii. Few ______________________________
iv. Bacteria are the only group of organisms that are prokaryote.
b. Eukaryote: ______________________________
i. Are unicellular or Multicellular.
ii. Has many _________________________
iii. Has specialized _____________________
Ex. __________________________________________________________
iv. All other living things.
Ex. __________________________________________________________
D. Cell Organelles
a. “Little” organs with specific jobs in the cell.
b. In the following table is a sample analogy for the cell: The Cell is Like a Cell Phone Factory
E. The Differences (at the end of ppt)
a. Animal
Shape _______________________
Organelles:
a. ___________________
b. ___________________
b. Plant
Shape ________________________
Organelles:
a. ___________________
b. ___________________
c. ___________________
Organelle
(Plant/Animal/Both)
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Chromatin
Ribosome
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Smooth/ Rough
Organelle Function
Organelle Facts
Sample Analogy
Organelle
Image
Organelle
(Plant/Animal/Both)
Golgi Apparatus
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Centriole
Chloroplasts
Cell wall
Central Vacuole
or Vacuoles
Organelle Function
Organelle Facts
Sample Analogy
Organelle
Image
CELL ENERGY NOTES: PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION
•
•
All nutrients must be broken down to __________________
Breakdown of nutrients to glucose occurs by ___________________.
Make glucose
through
Photosynthesis
Get glucose from
food
Release energy from glucose
through cellular respiration
and ATP Production
Photosynthesis:
WHERE: ___________________
WHO: _________________
WHY: ______________________________
WHEN: _____________________________
Two Reactions happen in photosynthesis:
Light Dependent Rx:
1. Light is absorbed by ___________________________
2. Light splits water into
________________________
3. Energy from this split is used to make______________
Dark Reactions- Calvin Cycle
Steps
1. Energy from ATP used to make _______________ from ____________________
2. Oxygen is ______________
Photosynthesis Equation:
____________ + __________ + ___________→
___________ + _____________
Cellular Respiration:
WHERE: ______________________
WHO: ______________________
WHY: ________________________
The Equation:
______________+ ____________→ _____________ + ___________ + __________
carbon dioxide & water are “leftovers”
Two Types of Cellular Respiration:
Aerobic
•
•
•
Anaerobic
“Fermentation”
•
•
•
–
(ok for small things)
•
It’s a 3 STEP PROCESS
Why:_____________________________________________________________________________!
•Glycolysis: Happens in the ________________________to break down ____________________
–All living things do _________________________________
•Krebs Cycle: In the_________________________________, makes ____________________(not efficient)
•Electron Transport: In the mitochondria, makes ____________________ of ATP
ATP- Adenosine Triphosphate
The Big Picture:
•All nutrients must be broken down to _______________________
•_________________ must be converted to ________________
ANALOGY:
•
•
The main __________________molecule used by organisms
Energy is Stored in the _____________________
– _________________ a bond _______________energy
• ATP→ADP
– _________________a bond ____________ energy
• ADP→ ATP
Cellular Energy in the form of ATP gets used to drive cell processes
EX: Cell Division
Cell Transport
CELL TRANSPORT NOTES
Several items make Cell Transport possible
1. The _______________________ _____________________________
2. A _________________________ _____________________________
3. Selective Permeability
4. Membrane Bound __________________________
Selective Permeability:

A property of biological membranes that allows ______________ substances
to cross the ___________________ more easily than others.
Concentration Gradient:

The ________________________ in the amount of solution on each side of a
_______________________________________.
The Phospholipid

Head:

Tail:
i. Hydro: Water
ii. Philia: Love
iii. Phobia: Hates

Heads ____________, Tails _____________...the membrane forms a ______________
Types of Cellular Transport
Passive Transport
Active Transport
–Diffusion
• Needs Carrier Proteins
–Facilitated Diffusion
•Requires ATP
•Need Channel Proteins
•Endocytosis
•No ATP
•Exocytosis
I. Passive Transport
a. Diffusion: The tendency of a substance to move from an area of ________________ to an
area of ___________________ across a _____________________ in which the
cell expends _______ ______________.
b. Facilitated Diffusion: The process of transporting ___________________ by
______________ _______________ during ______________________ requires ________
______________ output.

Needs:

Needs:
II. Active Transport
Transport of molecules _____________________ a ______________________
__________________ (from ______________ to ___________________) using
____________________ __________________ in the cell membrane and _________________ from
____________.
a. Exocytosis: The release of materials _______________________________Ex___________.
b. Endocytosis: The taking of materials ______________________________Ex___________.
How does that look in a cell?
A.
B.
C.
Cell Size and Diffusion

Cells must remain ____________ to ____________________ diffusion.

The _______________ a cells volume becomes the ___________ efficient it becomes.
a. Prokaryotes –
b. Animal Cells (Eukaryotic) –

Surface Area of cells must be _____________________________ larger than its size
(________________).
Solutions and Cells
o
Solvent:
o
Solute:
o
Solution:

Simple Rule: Salt Sucks!

When salt is _______________ or _________________ the cell, it
___________ water in its direction.

All solutions want to be ________________ on ____________ sides of the ______________, for
__________________________.

Substances ________________________ in solution have special vocabulary to describe them.

Hypertonic:
o

The conc. of solute ____________________ the cell is _______________ than the conc.
_________________.
o The solution ______________________ is ___________________________.
o _____________________________________________ of the cell until
_________________________ is reached.
 The cell will ________________________ and ____________ mass.
Hypotonic:
o The conc. of solute ____________________ the cell is _______________ than the conc.
_________________.
o The solution ______________________ is ___________________________.
o _____________________________________________ in the cell until
_________________________ is reached.
 The cell will ________________________ and ____________ mass

Isotonic:



The conc. of solute __________________ and __________________ are
____________________.
The solution ____________________________________________________.
Water diffuses ____________ and _______________ at ___________ rates.
 __________ net change in ____________ or __________________.
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
H2O
CHO
CHO
CHO
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
CHO
H2O
H2O
CHO
H2O
H2O
CHO
CHO
H2O
CHO
CHO
CHO H O
2
H2O
H2O
CHO
H2O
H2O
H2O
CHO
CHO
Isotonic
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
CHO
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
•Water moves out
•Water moves in
•Water moves in and out
•Cell Shrinks
•Cell Swells
•Cell Size remains same
Why doesn’t the Glucose (CHO) move into the cell?