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Genetics EOC Review Important terms and people. 1. Gregor Mendel2. Trait3. _______________ - the pair of genes that make up a trait. (____________ from mom, and _____________ from dad) 4. ________________ - what the trait looks like 5. Independent assortment means that the genes separate into the sex cells ________________. Several different types of sex cells can be formed because of different gene combinations. This allows for ______________________________. 6. ____________________________________ are used to predict genotypes and phenotypes of parent crosses. 7. ______________________________________ are used to determine unknown if a parent is ____________ or ________________. A homozygous recessive individual is always used. Types of Dominance 1. ____________________________ is when one allele (form of a gene) covers up the expression of the other allele. Only two phenotypes are possible. RR = red Rr = red Rr = white 2. ___________________________ is when neither allele is dominant and there is a blending to produce a third phenotype. RR = red R’R = pink R’R’ = white 3. ________________________________ is when both alleles are dominant and are both expressed producing a third phenotype. RR = red WW = white RW = red and white Multiple Alleles vs. Polygenic Inheritance Multiple alleles is when you have more than two forms (alleles) of a ________________ controlling a trait. Example = __________________. Polygenic inheritance is when you have two or more __________________ controlling a single trait. Example = _______________________. Sex Linked Traits Sex linked genes are found on the ______________________________. Examples of sex linked diseases are _____________________________. Normal Female = Female carrier = Diseased female= Normal Male = There is not a male carrier. The male can not be heterozygous. Diseased Male = Pedigrees _____________________show the inheritance of traits through families Karyotypes Karyotypes show the complete set of _____________________ that a human has. It can be used to determine chromosomal disorders and sex. DNA Gel Electrophoresis Gel electrophoresis Used in DNA fingerprinting to match DNA at a crime scene with a suspect. Used in DNA fingerprinting to match DNA in parent custody Used in DNA fingerprinting to show evolutionary relationships