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DNA Fingerprinting How many people have the same DNA? DNA evidence can be used to link a suspect to a crime scene. What else can DNA fingerprinting be used for? HISTORY Examples of Biological Evidence: What do we do with it? Vocabulary Genes: Alleles: Human Genome: What are alleles? * Allele: Alternative form that a _________________ gene may have for a particular trait. (huh?) * A gene in a particular place on a particular chromosome will express a particular trait….like flower ______ How do alleles determine what traits will show? Some alleles are ___________________ and others are ___________________ Dominant: A trait that will appear (show) * Represented with a CAPITAL letter - Example: Tall (____), Black (____), Brown (____) Recessive: A trait that is masked (hidden) if a dominant allele is present, but will show if both alleles are recessive * Represented with a lower case letter - Example: short (____), blond (_____), blue (_____) I do you know a trait will show or not? Rule #1: If there is a _________________ trait present, it will always show that trait. Tall is dominant over short Draw the picture here Draw the picture here Rule #2: If there is NOT a dominant trait present, then the _____________ trait will always show. Draw the picture here What are some terms that will help with understanding Punnett Squares? * Homozygous: Organism with 2 of the __________ alleles for a particular trait. Also called “________”. Examples – TT tt DD dd Homo means? _________ Think: Same SIZED letters * Heterozygous: Organism with 2 ________________ alleles for a particular trait. Also called “_________”. Examples – Tt Dd Gg Bb Hetero means? __________ Think: Different SIZED letters * Phenotype: The ___________________ characteristic or outward expression of an allele pair Characteristics you can see with your eyes! Think: Phenotype -- _______________ * Genotype: The organism’s allele ___________ Characteristics you can NOT see with your eyes! Think: Genotype – _________________ What is Mendel’s Law of Segregation? Law of Segregation: States that the two alleles for each trait _________________ during meiosis. During ______________, the alleles separate During fertilization, the alleles unite into a pair again What’s the difference between monohybrid ?& dihybrid crosses? * Punnett Square: A ______________ used to predict the possible outcomes (offspring) of a particular cross or breeding. * Monohybrid Cross: The use of Punnett Square for 1 ___________ (will have 4 boxes) Karyotype Definition: Picture of the ___________________ from a person’s cell. How many pairs of chromosomes are there? _________________________ What is the gender of the person in this karyotype? __________________________________ How can karyotypes be useful to doctors?__________________________________________ Collecting DNA What steps should be taken while collecting DNA? RFLP: Southern Blot/Gel Electrophoresis: VNTR: PCR: What are some Applications for DNA Fingerprinting?