Download L-1 - West Ada

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In humans, what is our haploid chromosome
A person is Bb for brown eyes. What is their
Number? (23)
genotype? Phenotype?
(Geno=Bb, Pheno=Brown eyes)
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What letters are used to represent the
What does it mean if a trait is sex-linked?
Heterozygous, homozygous dominant, and
(Carried on the X chromosome)
Homozygous recessive genotypes?
(Bb, BB, bb)
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Mitosis is the division of a diploid cell to
In humans, our diploid chromosome
Make two new __________ cells. Meiosis
number is _______. (46)
Is the division of a diploid cell to make 4
New ________ cells. (Diploid, Gamete or
Haploid)
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A segment of DNA that codes for a protein
What is the function of mRNA in Protein
Is known as a _______. (Gene)
synthesis? (carries a copy of DNA)
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What is the function of tRNA in protein
On which molecule is a codon found?
Synthesis? (Carries amino acids to the
(mRNA)
Ribosome)
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On which molecule is an anticodon
The Lac Operon model represents the
Found? (tRNA)
regulation of 3 genes that code for which
Enzyme? (Lactase)
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In which type of cell is the Lac Operon
List the 6 phases of cell division in order.
Model found? (bacteria/prokaryote)
(Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase,
Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis)
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Which part of an onion did we look
List the 3 main parts of DNA.
at to observe cells in Mitosis?
(Phospahate, sugar, base)
(the root tip)
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What is the sugar in DNA called?
What are the subunits in DNA called?
(Deoxyribose)
(nucleotides)
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List the 4 types of nucleotides found
Which two types of organisms did Griffith
In DNA. (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine,
work with in 1928? (Mice and bacteria)
Thymine)
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Which type of life form did Hershey
DNA replication results in _____ new DNA
and chase label with radioactive sulfur
molecules that have __________ DNA
and radioactive phosphorus? (Viruses)
codes or sequences. (2, identical)
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If a DNA segment reads ATGC, what
When would a cell need to replicate its
would the complimentary segment
DNA? (Just before the cell divides)
read? (TACG)
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Which organelle in the cell is respon-
Which type of molecule carries a copy
sible for making proteins or polypep-
of a gene (copied from DNA) to the
sides? (Ribosomes)
ribosome? (mRNA)
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What is the function of tRNA?
How many amino acids are available to
(carries amino acids to the ribosome)
a cell? (20)
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List two differences between DNA
Which enzyme adds DNA nucleotides to
and RNA. (DNA double-stranded, RNA
a growing DNA molecule? (DNA
single-stranded, different sugars,
polymerase)
DNA has thymine, RNA has Uracil,
DNA is permanent, mRNA is shorter
and temporary)
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Which enzyme adds RNA nucleotides
If a DNA template reads AUC, what would
to a growing mRNA strand?
mRNA read? (UAG)
(RNA polymerase)
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If mRNA reads AUC, what would tRNA
Why must tRNA be complimentary to
Read? (UAG)
mRNA? (because tRNA bonds temporarily to mRNA in the ribsome)
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Which code is used to find the correct
If an organism’s 2N (Diploid) number is
amino acid when using an amino acid
26, what is its haploid number? (13)
chart? (mRNA)
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What is added to the front of an mRNA
Which two scientists used radio-
Molecule before it leaves the nucleus?
Active labels to determine that viruses
What is added to the end? (GTP cap and
inject DNA into cells? (Hershey & Chase)
Poly-A tail)
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Chargaff noticed that in every DNA
Which two bases make up purines in DNA?
Sample there was always the same amount
Pyrimidines? (A & G are purines, C & T
Of Adenines and Thymines. What did he
are pyrimidines)
Conclude? (A pairs with T)
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Name two molecules that are made in
If you use a punnett square to determine
The nucleolus that have to do with
the pattern of inheritance for two traits and
Protein synthesis. (rRNA and protein)
you find that your predicted ratios are a lot
Different than your actual ratios, this tells
You that…………… (genes are linked on the
same chromosome)
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In the Lac Operon model, which region
If a trait is found to appear more often in
Of the chromosome does the repressor
males vs. females, then that gene is most
Bind to? Which molecule is the inducer?
likely carried: _____________________.
(Operator, Lactose)
(on the X chromosome)
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What is the mode of inheritance or
If a person that is type A (heterozygous)
Inheritance pattern for Sickle Cell
has a baby with a type O person. What
Anemia? (Codominant)
are the possible blood types for their
offspring? (A and O)
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What is the name of Mendel’s Law that
What is the name of Mendel’s Law that
states that alleles separate into sepa-
states that homologous chromosomes
rate sex cells and must recombine to
assort independently of other homolo-
produce recessive offspring? (Law of
gous chromosomes? (Law of Independent
Segregation)
Assortment)
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Name 3 genetic disorders that are
Two parents who have brown eyes have
Caused by a recessive, autosomal
a child with blue eyes. Which of Mendel’s
mutation. (PKU, cystic fibrosis, Tay-
laws applies? (1st law – Law of Segregation)
Sachs)
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Two parents that have brown hair
What is Wobble of the Anticodon? (when
and can both roll their tongue have a
the 3rd base in the mRNA codon can vary
baby with blonde hair and can roll its
and the same amino acid is coded for. For
tongue. Which of Mendel’s laws applies?
example, UUU and UUC both code for the
(2nd law – Law of Independent Assortment)
amino acid Phenylalanine)
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What happens during Interphase and
Which protein (needed for cell division)
metaphase of mitosis? (Inter – chrom’s
is specifically made during the G2 phase
duplicate and during Meta – chrom’s
of the cell cycle (just before the cell
line up in the center of the cell)
divides)? (spindle fibers)
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What happens during Anaphase and
List 4 events that occur during Prophase
Telophase of mitosis?
of mitosis. (Chrom’s become visible,
(Ana- chromosomes migrate to opposite
nuclear envelope disappears, centrioles
ends of the cell; Telo- two new nuclei
migrate to opposite ends of the cell,
Form)
spindle fibers form)
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List two events that occur during
What is a sister chromatid? (one side of a
Prophase I of meiosis that do not occur
duplicated chromosome)
during mitosis. (homologous chrom’s
Pair and they cross over)
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How many cells are produced from a
What is wrong genetically with someone
single, diploid cell during meiosis? How
who has Turner’s Syndrome? (they lack
do these cells compare to each other?
an X chromosome – so their genotype
How many chromosomes are in each
is XO)
Cell?(4, all unique, ½ the normal #)
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What is wrong genetically with someone
On which strand of DNA are Okazaki
Who has Down Syndrome? (They have
fragments found during replication?
an extra 21st chromosome)
(lagging strand)
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Which two molecules make up a
Which part of a DNA sequence does
Ribosome? (protein and rRNA)
RNA polymerase always bind to?
(Promotor Region)
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What is the difference between
a haploid cell and a diploid cell?
(Haploid: 1 set of chromosomes,
Diploid: 2 sets of chromosomes)
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List the 3 stages that occur for both trans-
Name the 4 molecules that are modified
cription and translation (Initiation,
into DNA nucleotides during DNA
Elongation, termination)
replication. (dGTP, dATP, dCTP, dTTP)
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Which enzyme unwinds the DNA
In which direction does DNA polymerase
Molecule during replication? Which
read the DNA strand? In which direction
Enzyme fuses Okazaki fragments?
are the new DNA strands synthesized?
(Helicase, Ligase)
(3’ to 5’ and 5’ to 3’)
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What are the fragments of DNA called
List three ways that mRNA is “processed”
that occur on the lagging strand during
before leaving the nucleus in eukaryotes.
replication that are eventually fused
(Introns spliced out, GTP cap added,
together? (Okazaki Fragments)
Poly-A tail added)
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What is transcription? (When RNA
What is translation? (When the mRNA is
Polymerase copies a segment of
translated 3 bases at a time by the ribo-
DNA – only one side of the DNA)
some to an amino acid sequence)
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What are the two sites on a ribo-
What does it mean if a trait is said to be
some called that bond to existing
polygenic? (an example is the shape of
And incoming amino acids?
your nose)
(Polygenic)
(P site and A site)
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Describe the contributions of
According to the Lac-Operon model, when
Jacob and Manod in 1961. (They
does lactase get synthesized or made in a
described the Lac-Operon model
bacterial cell? (when the bacterium
in prokaryotes)
consumes lactose)
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What is one major difference between
What is the process of making eggs called?
Meiosis I and Meiosis II? (No interphase
Making sperm? (oogenesis, spermatogene-
during meiosis II and no pair of homo-
sis)
logous chrom’s or crossing over
during Prophase II)
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2N refers to an organism’s ____________
Genes A and B recombine 50% of the time.
Number and N refers to its _____________
Genes A and C recombine 10% of the time.
Number. (Diploid, haploid)
What is the order of the genes? (ACB or
(BCA)
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What is the word used to describe a one-
A person with type O blood has a baby
trait cross? Two-trait cross?
With a person who has type AB. What
(monohybrid, dihybrid)
are the possible blood types of their
Offspring? (A and B)
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A foreign protein on a cell’s surface
Is known as an ____________. An
Immune system cell can respond to a
foreign protein by producing
__________. (Antigen, Antibodies)