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L-1 L-1 In humans, what is our haploid chromosome A person is Bb for brown eyes. What is their Number? (23) genotype? Phenotype? (Geno=Bb, Pheno=Brown eyes) L-1 L-1 What letters are used to represent the What does it mean if a trait is sex-linked? Heterozygous, homozygous dominant, and (Carried on the X chromosome) Homozygous recessive genotypes? (Bb, BB, bb) L-1 L-1 Mitosis is the division of a diploid cell to In humans, our diploid chromosome Make two new __________ cells. Meiosis number is _______. (46) Is the division of a diploid cell to make 4 New ________ cells. (Diploid, Gamete or Haploid) L-1 L-1 A segment of DNA that codes for a protein What is the function of mRNA in Protein Is known as a _______. (Gene) synthesis? (carries a copy of DNA) L-1 L-1 What is the function of tRNA in protein On which molecule is a codon found? Synthesis? (Carries amino acids to the (mRNA) Ribosome) L-1 L-1 On which molecule is an anticodon The Lac Operon model represents the Found? (tRNA) regulation of 3 genes that code for which Enzyme? (Lactase) L-1 L-1 In which type of cell is the Lac Operon List the 6 phases of cell division in order. Model found? (bacteria/prokaryote) (Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis) L-1 L-1 Which part of an onion did we look List the 3 main parts of DNA. at to observe cells in Mitosis? (Phospahate, sugar, base) (the root tip) L-1 L-1 What is the sugar in DNA called? What are the subunits in DNA called? (Deoxyribose) (nucleotides) L-1 L-1 List the 4 types of nucleotides found Which two types of organisms did Griffith In DNA. (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, work with in 1928? (Mice and bacteria) Thymine) L-1 L-1 Which type of life form did Hershey DNA replication results in _____ new DNA and chase label with radioactive sulfur molecules that have __________ DNA and radioactive phosphorus? (Viruses) codes or sequences. (2, identical) L-1 L-1 If a DNA segment reads ATGC, what When would a cell need to replicate its would the complimentary segment DNA? (Just before the cell divides) read? (TACG) L-1 L-1 Which organelle in the cell is respon- Which type of molecule carries a copy sible for making proteins or polypep- of a gene (copied from DNA) to the sides? (Ribosomes) ribosome? (mRNA) L-1 L-1 What is the function of tRNA? How many amino acids are available to (carries amino acids to the ribosome) a cell? (20) L-1 L-1 List two differences between DNA Which enzyme adds DNA nucleotides to and RNA. (DNA double-stranded, RNA a growing DNA molecule? (DNA single-stranded, different sugars, polymerase) DNA has thymine, RNA has Uracil, DNA is permanent, mRNA is shorter and temporary) L-1 L-1 Which enzyme adds RNA nucleotides If a DNA template reads AUC, what would to a growing mRNA strand? mRNA read? (UAG) (RNA polymerase) L-1 L-1 If mRNA reads AUC, what would tRNA Why must tRNA be complimentary to Read? (UAG) mRNA? (because tRNA bonds temporarily to mRNA in the ribsome) L-1 L-1 Which code is used to find the correct If an organism’s 2N (Diploid) number is amino acid when using an amino acid 26, what is its haploid number? (13) chart? (mRNA) L-2 L-2 What is added to the front of an mRNA Which two scientists used radio- Molecule before it leaves the nucleus? Active labels to determine that viruses What is added to the end? (GTP cap and inject DNA into cells? (Hershey & Chase) Poly-A tail) L-2 L-2 Chargaff noticed that in every DNA Which two bases make up purines in DNA? Sample there was always the same amount Pyrimidines? (A & G are purines, C & T Of Adenines and Thymines. What did he are pyrimidines) Conclude? (A pairs with T) L-2 L-2 Name two molecules that are made in If you use a punnett square to determine The nucleolus that have to do with the pattern of inheritance for two traits and Protein synthesis. (rRNA and protein) you find that your predicted ratios are a lot Different than your actual ratios, this tells You that…………… (genes are linked on the same chromosome) L-2 L-2 In the Lac Operon model, which region If a trait is found to appear more often in Of the chromosome does the repressor males vs. females, then that gene is most Bind to? Which molecule is the inducer? likely carried: _____________________. (Operator, Lactose) (on the X chromosome) L-2 L-2 What is the mode of inheritance or If a person that is type A (heterozygous) Inheritance pattern for Sickle Cell has a baby with a type O person. What Anemia? (Codominant) are the possible blood types for their offspring? (A and O) L-2 L-2 What is the name of Mendel’s Law that What is the name of Mendel’s Law that states that alleles separate into sepa- states that homologous chromosomes rate sex cells and must recombine to assort independently of other homolo- produce recessive offspring? (Law of gous chromosomes? (Law of Independent Segregation) Assortment) L-2 L-2 Name 3 genetic disorders that are Two parents who have brown eyes have Caused by a recessive, autosomal a child with blue eyes. Which of Mendel’s mutation. (PKU, cystic fibrosis, Tay- laws applies? (1st law – Law of Segregation) Sachs) L-2 L-2 Two parents that have brown hair What is Wobble of the Anticodon? (when and can both roll their tongue have a the 3rd base in the mRNA codon can vary baby with blonde hair and can roll its and the same amino acid is coded for. For tongue. Which of Mendel’s laws applies? example, UUU and UUC both code for the (2nd law – Law of Independent Assortment) amino acid Phenylalanine) L-2 L-2 What happens during Interphase and Which protein (needed for cell division) metaphase of mitosis? (Inter – chrom’s is specifically made during the G2 phase duplicate and during Meta – chrom’s of the cell cycle (just before the cell line up in the center of the cell) divides)? (spindle fibers) L-2 L-2 What happens during Anaphase and List 4 events that occur during Prophase Telophase of mitosis? of mitosis. (Chrom’s become visible, (Ana- chromosomes migrate to opposite nuclear envelope disappears, centrioles ends of the cell; Telo- two new nuclei migrate to opposite ends of the cell, Form) spindle fibers form) L-2 L-2 List two events that occur during What is a sister chromatid? (one side of a Prophase I of meiosis that do not occur duplicated chromosome) during mitosis. (homologous chrom’s Pair and they cross over) L-2 L-2 How many cells are produced from a What is wrong genetically with someone single, diploid cell during meiosis? How who has Turner’s Syndrome? (they lack do these cells compare to each other? an X chromosome – so their genotype How many chromosomes are in each is XO) Cell?(4, all unique, ½ the normal #) L-2 L-2 What is wrong genetically with someone On which strand of DNA are Okazaki Who has Down Syndrome? (They have fragments found during replication? an extra 21st chromosome) (lagging strand) L-2 L-2 Which two molecules make up a Which part of a DNA sequence does Ribosome? (protein and rRNA) RNA polymerase always bind to? (Promotor Region) L-2 What is the difference between a haploid cell and a diploid cell? (Haploid: 1 set of chromosomes, Diploid: 2 sets of chromosomes) L-3 L-3 List the 3 stages that occur for both trans- Name the 4 molecules that are modified cription and translation (Initiation, into DNA nucleotides during DNA Elongation, termination) replication. (dGTP, dATP, dCTP, dTTP) L-3 L-3 Which enzyme unwinds the DNA In which direction does DNA polymerase Molecule during replication? Which read the DNA strand? In which direction Enzyme fuses Okazaki fragments? are the new DNA strands synthesized? (Helicase, Ligase) (3’ to 5’ and 5’ to 3’) L-3 L-3 What are the fragments of DNA called List three ways that mRNA is “processed” that occur on the lagging strand during before leaving the nucleus in eukaryotes. replication that are eventually fused (Introns spliced out, GTP cap added, together? (Okazaki Fragments) Poly-A tail added) L-3 L-3 What is transcription? (When RNA What is translation? (When the mRNA is Polymerase copies a segment of translated 3 bases at a time by the ribo- DNA – only one side of the DNA) some to an amino acid sequence) L-3 L-3 What are the two sites on a ribo- What does it mean if a trait is said to be some called that bond to existing polygenic? (an example is the shape of And incoming amino acids? your nose) (Polygenic) (P site and A site) L-3 L-3 Describe the contributions of According to the Lac-Operon model, when Jacob and Manod in 1961. (They does lactase get synthesized or made in a described the Lac-Operon model bacterial cell? (when the bacterium in prokaryotes) consumes lactose) L-3 L-3 What is one major difference between What is the process of making eggs called? Meiosis I and Meiosis II? (No interphase Making sperm? (oogenesis, spermatogene- during meiosis II and no pair of homo- sis) logous chrom’s or crossing over during Prophase II) L-3 L-3 2N refers to an organism’s ____________ Genes A and B recombine 50% of the time. Number and N refers to its _____________ Genes A and C recombine 10% of the time. Number. (Diploid, haploid) What is the order of the genes? (ACB or (BCA) L-3 L-3 What is the word used to describe a one- A person with type O blood has a baby trait cross? Two-trait cross? With a person who has type AB. What (monohybrid, dihybrid) are the possible blood types of their Offspring? (A and B) L-3 A foreign protein on a cell’s surface Is known as an ____________. An Immune system cell can respond to a foreign protein by producing __________. (Antigen, Antibodies)